Background & Aims Acute liver failure (ALF) often results in cardiovascular instability, renal
failure, brain oedema and death either due to irreversible shock, cerebral herniation or …

Background & Aims Characteristics of decompensated cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver
failure (ACLF) include susceptibility to infection, immuneparesis, and monocyte dysfunction …

Background & Aims Rifaximin-α is efficacious for the prevention of recurrent hepatic
encephalopathy (HE), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We postulated that …

Objective Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterised by overwhelming hepatocyte death and
liver inflammation with massive infiltration of myeloid cells in necrotic areas. The …

Bile acids are important end products of cholesterol metabolism. While they have been
identified as key factors in lipid emulsification and absorption due to their detergent …

Objective Immune paresis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) accounts for
infection susceptibility and increased mortality. Immunosuppressive mononuclear CD14+ …

Background Cirrhotic patients have complex haemostatic abnormalities. Current evidence
suggests stable cirrhotic (SC) patients have a “re-balanced” haemostatic state. However …

High levels of antimicrobial drug resistance deleteriously affecting the outcome of treatment
with antibacterial agents are causing increasing concern worldwide. This is particularly …

Spinal fusion historically has been used extensively, and, recently, the lateral transpsoas
approach to the thoracic and lumbar spine has become an increasingly common method to …

Chronic liver disease, depicted by gradual destruction and fibrosis of the liver, is a condition
with high and probably increasing prevalence worldwide. Its deterioration, acute-on-chronic …