The past decade has been proclaimed as a hugely successful era of gene discovery through
the high yields of many genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, much of the …

Assessment of risk of bias is regarded as an essential component of a systematic review on
the effects of an intervention. The most commonly used tool for randomised trials is the …

Background Natural or quasi experiments are appealing for public health research because
they enable the evaluation of events or interventions that are difficult or impossible to …

Context Many men with clinically localized prostate cancer are being monitored as part of
active surveillance (AS) programs, but little is known about reasons for receiving radical …

Abstract Summary The Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (ALSPAC) was
established to understand how genetic and environmental characteristics influence health …

The frequency of, and risk factors for, long COVID are unclear among community-based
individuals with a history of COVID-19. To elucidate the burden and possible causes of long …

Numerous observational studies have attempted to identify risk factors for infection with
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease outcomes. Studies have used datasets sampled from …

Introduction Epidemiological studies have shown that weaker grip strength in later life is
associated with disability, morbidity, and mortality. Grip strength is a key component of the …

Inference about the causal structure that induces correlations between two traits can be
achieved by combining genetic associations with a mediation-based approach, as is done in …

Triangulation is the practice of obtaining more reliable answers to research questions
through integrating results from several different approaches, where each approach has …