In a zone with a high measles case-fatality rate the risk of dying between the ages of 7 and 35 months for a vaccinated population was compared with that for an unvaccinated control-group. Life-table analysis for both groups showed that measles vaccination reduced the risk of dying at the age of maximum exposure to measles. The gain in survival probability, however, tended to diminish afterwards, to approach that of the unvaccinated group.