This research compares different treatment regimes for the management of chronic facial pain associated with the masticatory musculature. Twenty-one females meeting specific criteria were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: a dental splint and physiotherapy program; a relaxation program utilizing progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, and stress management techniques; or a minimal treatment program involving transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Improvement was assessed through a dental examination, self-monitoring of pain, and an assessment of EMG activity during resting and task conditions. Significant changes were obtained in response to all treatment programs. The treatment programs differed only in the relative pattern of treatment effects obtained from the self-report monitoring of pain. The data are consistent with the concept of MPD as a psychological response to stress which maintains chronic pain through increased muscle tension in the jaw.