We applied silhouette scales for assessing body image on two occasions with a 7 to 14 day interval in 281 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure test-retest reliability. The item "how participants see their current body size" showed ICC from 0.92 to 0.97, with no difference by gender, age, or schooling. "Ideal body size" showed ICC from 0.86 to 0.92 and was lower among men. Temporal stability was satisfactory, allowing for use of the scales in studies on body image in the ELSA-Brasil and similar populations.