Objective: To assess differences of HIV risk between ethnicities in northwestern China.
Method: Cross-sectional serosurvey and structured questionnaire interview of 383 injection drug users of either Han or Uigur ethnicity in Urumqi, Xinjiang.
Results: Both Uigur minority ethnicity and residence in a Uigur or mixed Uigur/Han community were independently associated with higher HIV risk.
Conclusion: HIV prevention programs should give special focus on minority ethnic drug users and their communities.