This article proposes a means by which benefits provided in international research collaborations might be employed to strengthen health care, research, and other capacities in less-developed countries. The Declaration of Helsinki and CIOMS Guidelines define certain expectations of benefits, but these requirements are ambiguous, logistically problematic, and studies suggest they are inconsistently upheld. Drawing on the principle of respect for persons, a right to benefit from hosting externally-sponsored research is proposed. This right guarantees host communities benefits of a certain value, the nature and use of which is controlled by indigenous personnel. Suggestions are made as to how implementation of this right, using structured incentives, may systematically promote capacity building in host communities.