A five-year follow-up, by means of a personal interview, was performed on patients below the age of 40 years with acute chest pain without obvious organic cause (n = 64). They had been consecutively admitted to the emergency unit over a period of 8 weeks, and had all been subjected to a thorough medical and psychosocial investigation with feedback soon after the initial consultation (investigation patient group, IP). For comparison, a non-investigation patient (NIP) group (n = 51) was recruited over a period of 8 separate weeks. Half of the patients in each group reported at the follow-up that they continued to suffer from chest pain. Compared to normal subjects, they reported more depression. This means that the initial research programme performed in the investigation group had no sustained therapeutic effect compared to routine care at the emergency unit. Tension, anxiety and number of consultations with a physician, as reported in the initial investigation, were negatively correlated with the outcome at follow-up. We conclude that acute chest pain without obvious organic cause in young adults is a condition with an excellent prognosis in strictly physical terms. However, a high proportion of the patients continue to suffer from chest pain for several years, and many of them continue to be consumers of medical resources. We therefore suggest that therapeutic programmes should be developed, particularly for those who report psychological symptoms and those with a history of many consultations with physicians.