Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients

Psychiatry Res. 2004 Dec 30;129(3):257-65. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.08.003.

Abstract

Stigma in society causes harm to people with severe mental illness (SMI) and internalized stigma represents its psychological point of impact. We evaluated the extent of internalized stigma in a sample of outpatients with SMI, using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, developed with consumer input. About a third of the sample reported high levels of internalized stigma. We tested whether internalized stigma predicted increased depressive symptoms and reduced self-esteem at 4-month follow-up, controlling for baseline levels. Depression was predicted by Alienation, Stereotype Endorsement, Social Withdrawal Scales and total ISMI score. Reduced self-esteem was predicted by Alienation. ISMI results were stronger than those for the widely used Devaluation-Discrimination Scale. The finding that alienation further reduces morale speaks to the difficulty of pulling oneself out of this type of vicious cycle without assistance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Ambulatory Care
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / therapy*
  • Middle Aged
  • Morale*
  • Risk Factors
  • Self Concept
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Social Alienation
  • Stereotyping*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires