A prospective pediatric survey on the incidence of central venous catheter (CVC) complications was performed aimed at identifying risk factors of premature CVC removal. The study comprised 129 Broviac-Hickman CVCs inserted during a 13-month period in 112 children. The total number of CVC days was 19,328 (median: 122 days, range: 1-385). The overall rate of complications was 6.2/1000 CVC days, i.e., 4.5/1000 and 1.7/1000 CVC days for mechanical and infectious complications, respectively. Interestingly, only two CVC-related cases of septicemia and no thrombotic events were documented. At the end of the study period, 38 of 129 CVC (29.5%) had been removed: 20 due to CVC-related complications (dislocation18, rupture 2), 10 due to the patient's death, and 8 due to completion of therapy. Age at CVC insertion <4.9 years was a significant predictor of premature CVC removal ( p=0.01). Mechanical complications, especially in younger children, are the main cause of premature loss of CVC. These data underline the importance of more effectively securing the CVC to subcutaneous tissue in pediatric patients to reduce accidental dislocations.