Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are those for which hospitalisation is thought to be avoidable if preventive care and early disease management are applied, usually in the ambulatory setting. The Victorian ACSCs study offers a new set of indicators describing differentials and inequalities in access to the primary healthcare system in Victoria. The study used the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (1999-2000) for analysing hospital admissions for diabetes complications, asthma, vaccine preventable influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. The analyses were performed at the level of Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs). There were 12,100 admissions for diabetes complications in Victoria. There was a 12-fold variation in admission rates for diabetes complications across PCPs, with 13 PCPs having significantly higher rates than the Victorian average, accounting for just over half of all admissions (6114) and 39 per cent total bed days. Similar variations in admission rates across PCPs were observed for asthma, influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. This analysis, with its acknowledged limitations, has shown the potential for using these indicators as a planning tool for identifying opportunities for targeted public health and health services interventions in reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria.