Basic science and health care research provide the evidence base for the scientific practice of medicine. Over the past 2 decades, as increasingly refined tools for improving health and health care have been developed, the health care community has attempted to bridge the gap between available tools and actual health care practices. This gap can be bridged only by influencing health care provider behavior. The VA Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) is a program designed to systematically translate research findings into better health care practices, and thus better health outcomes for enrolled veterans. Integrating provider behavior research considerations and findings into each step of the QUERI process will enhance the effectiveness of the initiative. This article presents a provider behavior research framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating quality improvement interventions within QUERI.