History and Principles of Exercise-Based Therapy: How They Inform Our Current Treatment

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Exercises designed to strengthen muscles involved in respiration, phonation, and articulation play a key role in the remediation of voice and swallowing disorders. This article presents exercise physiology principles that are beginning to be used by a small group of speech and swallowing researchers to undergird their efficacy-based studies of exercise-based therapy. Three principles-contraction type, task specificity, and overload-are used to compare past exercise-based therapies with present therapies. Comparisons are made between today's methods and Oskar Guttmann's (1893) principles for strengthening muscles of respiration, Emil Froeschels' (1944) therapy to improve laryngeal function, and the myofunctional therapy of the 1960s to improve swallowing and articulation.

REFERENCES

• 1 Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Isometric or dynamic training: differential effects on mechanical properties of a human muscle.  Am Physiol Society. 1984;  56 296-301
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 McDonagh M, Davies C. Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1984;  52 139-155
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 DeLorme T. Restoration of muscle power by heavy resistance exercises.  J Bone Joint Surg. 1945;  27 645-667
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Cerny F, Burton H. Exercise Physiology for Health Care Professionals. Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics 2001
  Google Scholar
• 5 Clark H. Neuromuscular treatments for speech and swallowing: a tutorial.  Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003;  12 400-415
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Robin D, Goel A, Somodi L, Luschei E. Tongue strength and endurance: relation to highly skilled movements.  J Speech Hear Res. 1992;  35 1239-1245
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Thorstensson A, Hulten B, Von Dobeln W, Karlsson J. Effect of strength training on enzyme activities and fibre characteristics in human skeletal muscle.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1976;  96 392-398
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Coyle E, Feiring D, Rotkis T et al.. Specificity of power improvements through slow and fast isokinetic training.  Am Physiol Society. 1981;  51 1437-1442
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Moore C A, Smith A, Ringel R. Task-specific organization of activity in human jaw muscles.  J Speech Hear Res. 1988;  31(4) 670-680
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Gonyea W. Role of exercise in inducing increases in skeletal muscle fiber number.  J Appl Physiol. 1980;  48 421-426
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Guttmann O. Aesthetics of physical culture.  The Voice. 1882;  4 61-63
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Guttmann O. Gymnastics of the Voice: A System of Correct Breathing in Singing and Speaking, Based upon Physiological Laws. A Self-Instructor in the Training and Use of the Singing and Speaking Voice. Albany, NY; Edgar S Werner 1882
  Google Scholar
• 13 Guttmann O. Gymnastics of the Voice: A Method for the Cure of Stuttering and Stammering. 3rd ed. New York; Edgar S Werner 1893
  Google Scholar
• 14 Froeschels E. Laws in the appearance and development of voice hyperfunctions.  J Speech Dis. 1940;  5 1-4
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Froeschels E. Experiences of a bloodless treatment for recurrens-paralysis.  J Laryngol Otol. 1944;  59 347-358
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Froeschels E, Kastein S, Weiss D. A method of therapy for paralytic conditions of the mechanisms of phonation respiration and glutination.  J Speech Hear Disord. 1955;  20 365-370
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Brodnitz F. Vocal Rehabilitation. Rochester, MN; American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 1971
  Google Scholar
• 18 Luchsinger R, Arnold G. Voice-Speech-Language. 4th ed. Belmont, CA; Wadsworth 1965
  Google Scholar
• 19 Rogers A P. Exercises for the development of the muscles of the face, with a view to increasing their functional activity.  Dent Cosmos. 1918;  60 857-876
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Rogers A P. Muscle training and its relation to orthodontia.  Int J Orthod. 1918;  4 555-577
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Straub W. Malfunction of the tongue. Part III.  Am J Orthod. 1962;  48 486-503
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Harrington R, Breinholt V. The relation of oral mechanism malfunction to dental and speech development.  Am J Orthod. 1963;  49 84-93
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Barrett R, Hanson L. Oral Myofunctional Disorders. 1st ed. St. Louis, MO; Mosby 1974
  Google Scholar
• 24 Kofler L. Art of Breathing as the Basis of Tone-Production for Singers, Elocutionists, Educators, Lawyers, Preachers, and All Others Desirous of Having Good Health. New York; Kessinger 1887
  Google Scholar
• 25 Cerny F, Panzarella K, Stathopoulos E. Expiratory muscle conditioning in hypotonic children with low vocal intensity levels.  J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 1997;  5 141-152
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Baker S, Davenport P, Sapienza C. Examination of strength training and detraining effects in expiratory muscles.  J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005;  48 1325-1333
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Ramig L O, Sapir S, Countryman S et al.. Intensive voice treatment (LSVT) for patients with Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow up.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;  71 493-498
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Robbins J, Gangnon R, Theis S. Kays, Hewitt, A, Hind, J. The effects of lingual exercise on swallowing in older adults.  J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;  53 1483-1489
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E et al.. Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise.  Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1997;  35 G1518-G1522
  PubMedGoogle Scholar

Elaine StathopoulosPh.D. 

Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo

2535 Main Street, 122 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214

Email: stathop@buffalo.edu