Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44(07): 331-338
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286347
Original Paper
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Use of Coffee, Caffeinated Drinks and Caffeine Tablets for Cognitive Enhancement in Pupils and Students in Germany

A. G. Franke
1   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
M. Christmann
1   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
C. Bonertz
1   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
A. Fellgiebel
1   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
M. Huss
2   Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
,
K. Lieb
1   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 16 June 2011
revised 14 July 2011

accepted 14 July 2011

Publication Date:
12 October 2011 (online)

Abstract

Introduction:

Substance use for cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing importance. There are only few data about substances, prevalence rates and factors associated with CE. The aim of this study was to assess first data about the use of coffee, caffeinated drinks and caffeine tablets for CE at school and university.

Methods:

A self-report questionnaire was developed to analyze 1 547 pupils and students about their use of coffee, caffeine tablets, and caffeinated drinks for CE and factors associated with this use.

Results:

Lifetime, past-year, and past-month prevalence for the use of coffee for CE was 53.2%, 8.5%, and 6.3%, for the use of caffeinated drinks 39%, 10.7%, and 6.3%, and for the use of caffeine tablets 10.5%, 3.8%, and 0.8%. Use of caffeinated substances for CE was influenced by gender and school grades.

Discussion:

The use of coffee and caffeinated drinks for CE was found to be widespread in the surveyed population. Although the use of caffeine tablets was found to be smaller than the above-mentioned means, it still indicates a relatively high disposition for using tablets for purposes of CE.

 
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