Adult urologyAnthropometric and metabolic factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective cohort study of Air Force veterans
Section snippets
Material and methods
The Air Force Health Study was a prospective study of Operation Ranch Hand veterans and a comparison group of other Air Force veterans designed to assess the effects of exposure to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. Operation Ranch Hand veterans were involved in spraying herbicides (including Agent Orange) during the Vietnam War. Agent Orange and some other herbicides containing 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid were contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). The
Results
The median follow-up period was 15.6 years (range 0 to 22.5). Participants who had not been diagnosed with BPH during the follow-up period were followed for a median of 21.7 years (range 0 to 22.5). The median time to BPH diagnosis was 14.1 years (range 0 to 21). The median age at BPH diagnosis was 58.6 years (interquartile range 53.9 to 63.8).
The descriptive characteristics of the veterans who were and were not diagnosed with BPH are presented in Table I. Those with BPH were older at baseline,
Comment
In this prospective, cohort study, increasing height and FBG were associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with BPH and a greater SBP was associated with a decreased risk.
The strengths of our study were that it was prospective in nature, the duration of follow-up was longer than that for all previous studies, and the loss to follow-up was minimized. We also had data on the subjects’ height, weight, and BMI at the end of the Southeast Asia tour that enabled us to evaluate the effect
Conclusions
The risk of BPH increased with increased age, height, and FBG levels. The risk was decreased with a greater SBP. No relationship was seen between BPH and metabolic syndrome, weight, BMI, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, or thyroid hormone status.
References (29)
- et al.
Body size and serum levels of insulin and leptin in relation to the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Urol
(2002) - et al.
Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men
J Clin Epidemiol
(2001) - et al.
Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) levels and thyroid function in Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War
Ann Epidemiol
(2003) - et al.
Serum prostate specific antigen is a strong predictor of future prostate growth in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Urol
(2000) - et al.
Insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and body mass index: clinical correlates of prostate volume among black men
Urology
(2002) - et al.
Association of hypertension with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Urol
(2004) - et al.
Autonomic nervous system overactivity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Urol
(2005) - et al.
Serum triiodothyronine is increased in men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Urol
(2002) - et al.
Obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Am J Epidemiol
(1994) - et al.
Components of the metabolic syndrome—risk factors for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
(1998)
Central obesity as a risk factor for prostatic hyperplasia
Obesity (Silver Spring)
Metabolic factors associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Associations of obesity with lower urinary tract symptoms and noncancer prostate surgery in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Am J Epidemiol
Growth and development during early manhood as determinants of prostate size in later life
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Cited by (85)
Metabolic Syndrome and LUTS/BPH
2018, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: From Research to BedsideMolecular features and physiological roles of K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter 4 (KCC4)
2017, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General SubjectsEpidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia
2017, Asian Journal of UrologyAssociation between components of metabolic syndrome and prostatic enlargement: An Indian perspective
2016, Medical Journal Armed Forces IndiaCitation Excerpt :Besides other factors including inflammation, ageing and androgens play an important role in the aetiology of BPH. Although many studies have attributed obesity and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) with BPH, exact relationship is unclear.1 Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has become a major public health problem worldwide today.
The impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in both male and female patients
2019, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews