Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on End-Stage Renal Disease Treated With Hemodialysis
Section snippets
Some QOL Measures for ESRD Patients
A seemingly enormous number of scales have been used to assess QOL in patients.1 Gill and Feinstein1 advocated the use of more than 1 instrument in research studies of patient QOL to yield a diverse evaluation of patient status. In addition, they suggested the use of a simple instrument, perhaps a 1-sentence Likert scale, in which a patient is asked to evaluate his or her QOL, using those exact words.1, 26 The measures used for assessing HRQOL in ESRD patients have been reviewed previously.2, 3
Correlations, Interventions, and Outcomes
In this section, we describe some of the factors associated with QOL in patients with CKD. These summaries are not meant to be exhaustive. Rather they are meant to highlight nonmodifiable and modifiable factors that may be amenable to intervention. We discuss associations of age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, modality of ESRD therapy, including renal transplantation, HD and PD, stage of disease, treatment with erythropoietin, and intensity of hemodialytic therapy with patients’ perceptions
Conclusions
The proper measures of QOL in patients with renal disease are unknown. Measures include subjective and objective tools, and generic and disease-specific scales. The past several years have witnessed an explosion in the number of studies and the populations of patients with CKD in which various aspects of HRQOL have been assessed. It is clear that the many QOL measures are intertwined. A challenge remains to make these domains clinically meaningful. The meaning of the MCS remains unclear.
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