Original article
Cancer incidence and mortality in France over the 1980–2012 period: Solid tumorsIncidence et mortalité des cancers en France durant la période 1980–2012 : tumeurs solides

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2013.11.073Get rights and content

Abstract

Background

Cancer incidence and mortality estimates for 19 cancers (among solid tumors) are presented for France between 1980 and 2012.

Methods

Incidence data were collected from 21 local registries and correspond to invasive cancers diagnosed between 1975 and 2009. Mortality data for the same period were provided by the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale. The national incidence estimates were based on the use of mortality as a correlate of incidence. The observed incidence and mortality data were modeled using an age-period-cohort model. The numbers of incident cases and deaths for 2010–2012 are the result of short-term projections.

Results

In 2012, the study estimated that 355,000 new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 148,000 deaths from cancer occurred in France. The incidence trend was not linear over the study period. After a constant increase from 1980 onwards, the incidence of cancer in men declined between 2005 and 2012. This recent decrease is largely related to the reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer. In women, the rates stabilized, mainly due to a change in breast cancer incidence. Mortality from most cancer types declined over the study period. A combined analysis of incidence and mortality by cancer site distinguished cancers with declining incidence and mortality (e.g., stomach) and cancers with increasing incidence and mortality (e.g., lung cancer in women). Some other cancers had rising incidence but declining mortality (e.g., thyroid).

Conclusion

This study reveals recent changes in cancer incidence trends, particularly regarding breast and prostate cancers.

Résumé

Position du problème

Cette étude présente les estimations d’incidence et de mortalité par cancer en France entre 1980 et 2012.

Méthodes

Parmi les tumeurs solides, 19 localisations cancéreuses ont été analysées. Les données d’incidence proviennent de 21 registres départementaux et correspondent aux cancers invasifs diagnostiqués entre 1975 et 2009. Les données de mortalité par cancer sur cette période ont été fournies par l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale. L’estimation nationale de l’incidence est basée sur l’utilisation de la mortalité comme corrélat de l’incidence. Les données d’incidence et de mortalité ont été modélisées à l’aide d’un modèle âge-période-cohorte. Les nombres de nouveaux cas de cancer et de décès entre 2010 et 2012 sont issus de projections à court terme.

Résultats

En 2012, le nombre de nouveaux cas de cancer a été estimé à 355 000 et le nombre de décès par cancer à 148 000. L’évolution des taux d’incidence n’était pas linéaire sur l’ensemble de la période. Après une augmentation continue depuis 1980, l’incidence du cancer chez l’homme a diminué entre 2005 et 2012. Cette diminution récente est en grande partie liée à la baisse de l’incidence du cancer de la prostate. Chez la femme, on observe une stabilisation essentiellement due à la modification de l’évolution de l’incidence du cancer du sein. La mortalité est en diminution sur l’ensemble de la période pour la majorité des localisations. L’analyse conjointe de l’incidence et de la mortalité par localisation permet de distinguer les cancers dont l’incidence et la mortalité ont diminué (ex. : estomac) des cancers dont l’incidence et la mortalité ont augmenté (ex. : poumon chez la femme). D’autres cancers combinent une augmentation de l’incidence et une diminution de la mortalité (ex. : thyroïde).

Conclusion

Ce travail met en évidence des modifications récentes et marquées de l’évolution de l’incidence, plus particulièrement pour les cancers du sein et de la prostate.

Introduction

The availability of updated cancer incidence and mortality indicators is of paramount importance for decision-making and public health policy implementation. Such indicators allow to describe accurately the epidemiological features of cancer and their progression over time. They are used to develop and assess programs for primary prevention, screening, and care. They also provide public healthcare policy-makers with the necessary information to assess the needs of the population in terms of cancer management, prioritize prevention strategies, and evaluate therapeutic progress.

This article is a follow-up of a previous study on cancer incidence and mortality published in 2008 on the 1980–2005 period [1], [2]. This collaborative work involved the French network of cancer registries (Francim), the Department of Biostatistics of the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), the Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS) and the Institut national du cancer (Inca). It is an integral part of the national cancer program (Plan Cancer 2009–2013) relating to the observation of cancer epidemiology [3].

Cancer registries provide a continuous and exhaustive recording of all cancer cases in a predefined geographical area. Thus, registry data are essential to estimate cancer incidence at a national level. The Francim network has created a common database that brings together all cancer data from participating registries, some dating back to 1975.

We report here estimates of the trends in incidence of cancer and mortality from cancer (solid tumors only) in France between 1980 and 2012. The trends in incidence of hematological malignancies will be published separately.

Section snippets

Incident cases

Data on incidence were taken from the common database of all Francim network registries. For the purposes of the present study, data from 21 registries having at least 5 years of recorded data were used (Table 1).

Among solid tumors, 19 cancer sites were analyzed. These sites were defined according to the International classification of diseases for oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-O3) [4] and are shown in Table 2. For each site, the following rules were applied: only invasive tumors were considered

Results

All details, results, and the full report (in pdf format) are available at: http://www.invs.sante.fr/fr/Dossiers-thematiques/Maladies-chroniques-et-traumatismes/Cancers/Surveillance-epidemiologique-des-cancers/Estimations-de-l-incidence-et-de-la-mortalite/Estimation-de-l-incidence-et-de-la-mortalite-par-cancer-en-France-entre-1980-et-2012-Tumeurs-solides.

Age-standardized incidence rates are essential to analyze the trends in risk, whereas the number of incident cases is necessary to make

Discussion

The present results are an update of previous publications [2], [10] based on data from a larger number of cancer registries that cover a longer period (1980–2009). The participating registries cover a population of over 8.8 million inhabitants (over 10.8 million for digestive tract cancers) and the oldest registries have been recording data for over 30 years. Although the French cancer registry network covers only 16–20% of the population (the proportion varies according to cancer site), the

Disclosure of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all those who contributed to the recording of cancer data in the registries, most particularly the laboratories and departments of anatomy, cytology, and pathology; the departments of medical information of the public and private hospitals; the local offices of the national social security service; and general practitioners and specialists. The authors also thank Jacques Estève for his methodological support, Fiona Ecarnot and Jean Iwaz for the translation of the original

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