Original ArticleProteomic Biomarker Discovery in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Section snippets
Search Strategy
A Medline search performed using the search terms “subarachnoid hemorrhage marker AND cerebrospinal fluid,” limited to the period January 1990 to June 1, 2009, returned 62 references. This time frame was selected because it correlated with the advent of molecular diagnostic technologies needed to assess biomarker concentrations. Abstracts that did not deal primarily with SAH and potential markers in the CSF of humans (eg, cerebral damage, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, head injury,
Endothelin-1
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important mediator involved in the development of vasospasm. ET-1 concentrations in the CSF of patients after SAH were significantly elevated compared with control groups, consisting mainly of healthy volunteers and patients with another neurologic nonhemorrhagic disease, such as hydrocephalus or degenerative spinal disease.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 In patients who did not develop CV, ET-1 concentrations decreased gradually with time,6, 8 whereas CV patients exhibited a
Conclusion
A considerable amount of literature suggests possible roles for various CSF markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of CV, as well as in the prediction of neurologic outcome after SAH. Those CSF markers that show the most promise, including class I evidence implying prognostic significance, have been discussed individually. In addition to CSF, brain interstitial fluid (ISF) may be an important future source of markers for the study of CV occurring after SAH. Studies using microdialysis
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2020, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) involves the combination of early brain injury (EBI), cerebral vasospasm, and cortical spreading depolarization. Several reports have suggested that certain cellular and molecular biomarkers might offer useful predictors of DCI, but no biomarker has yet been validated as a core recommendation.1-8 Lactate is overproduced under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.9,10
Progressive Shrinkage of Involved Arteries in Parallel with Disease Progression in Moyamoya Disease
2019, World NeurosurgeryCitation Excerpt :Past studies have reported that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β associates with cerebral vasospasm; furthermore, the degree of vessel stenosis directly correlates with the temporal expression dynamics of PDGF-β, as shown in a rabbit model of SAH.20 In human patients with SAH, higher PDGF levels predict greater probability of developing cerebral vasospasm.21-23 Considering that arterial shrinkage is a specific finding in MMD and a similar phenomenon has been recognized in cerebral vasospasm, such genetic variants or polymorphisms may play a key role in clarifying the cause of shrinkage in the involved arteries in MMD.