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Comparison of self-reports and biological measures for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs consumption in psychiatric inpatients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Renaud de Beaurepaire ,
Michael Lukasiewicz ,
Patrick Beauverie ,
Sophie Castéra ,
Odile Dagorne ,
Renaud Espaze ,
Bruno Falissard ,
Patrick Giroult ,
Michèle Houery  and
Georges Mahuzier
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Renaud de Beaurepaire*
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France INSERM U-513, 94010Créteil, France
Michael Lukasiewicz
Affiliation:
INSERM U-669, PSIGIAM, 97 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75679Paris cedex 14, France
Patrick Beauverie
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Sophie Castéra
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Odile Dagorne
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Renaud Espaze
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Bruno Falissard
Affiliation:
INSERM U-669, PSIGIAM, 97 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75679Paris cedex 14, France
Patrick Giroult
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Michèle Houery
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Georges Mahuzier
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Isabelle Matheron
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Philippe Niel
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Pierre Padovani
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Nicole Poisson
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Jean-Paul Richier
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Jérôme Rocher
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Odile Ruetsh
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Didier Touzeau
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
André Visinoni
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
Robert Molimard
Affiliation:
CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806Villejuif, France
*
*Corresponding author. Secteur 94G11, CH Paul Guiraud, 54, avenue de la République, 94806 Villejuif, France. Tel.: +331 421 17088; fax: +331 421 17089. E-mail address: debeaurepaire@wanadoo.fr (R. de Beaurepaire).
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Abstract

Background

Asking psychiatric in-patients about their drug consumption is unlikely to yield reliable results, particularly where alcohol and illicit drug use is involved. The main aim of this study was to compare spontaneous self-reports of drug use in hospitalized psychiatric patients to biological measures of same. A secondary aim was to determine which personal factors were associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs as indicated by these biological measures.

Methods

The consumption of substances was investigated using biological measures (urine cotinine, cannabis, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates; blood carbohydrate-deficient transferrin [CDT] and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]) in 486 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients, one day following their hospitalization. Patients’ self-reports of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs consumption were recorded. Socio-professional and familial data were also recorded.

Results

The results show a low correlation between biological measures and self-reported consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs. Fifty-two percent of the patients under-reported their consumption of illicit drugs (kappa = .47). Patients with schizophrenia and personality disorders were more likely to disclose their illicit drug consumption relative to patients suffering from mood disorders and alcohol dependence. Fifty-six percent of patients underreported alcohol use, as evaluated by CDT (kappa = .2), and 37% underreported when using the CDT + GGT measure as an indicator. Smoking appeared to be reported adequately. In the study we observed a strong negative correlation between cannabis use and age, a strong correlation between tobacco and cannabis use, and correlations between tobacco, cannabis and alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

This study is the first to compare self-reports and biological measures of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug uses in a large sample of inpatients suffering from various categories of psychiatric illnesses, allowing for cross-diagnosis comparisons.

Keywords

Biological measureMentally illSelf-reportCotinineCannabisCDTGGT
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 22 , Issue 8 , November 2007 , pp. 540 - 548
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2007

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