Brief reportsActivation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response to maternal criticism and praise in recovered depressed and healthy control participants
Section snippets
Participants
Sixteen right-handed individuals (aged 20–30 years) were recruited into the study. Nine participants (five women, four men; aged 23.9 ± 2.6 years [mean ± SD]) were control subjects with no history of Axis I disorder based on a structured clinical interview (SCID; First et al 1997). In addition, seven participants (all women; aged 25.7 ± 2.3 years) who had a past history of one or more episodes of major depression diagnosed by an experienced clinical interviewer according to DSM-IV criteria (
Mood challenge: Behavioral effects
Participants were asked to report on their mood with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al 1988) at regular intervals during the experimental protocol. The PANAS contains 10 positive (e.g., interested, proud) and 10 negative (e.g., ashamed, irritable) mood descriptors. Each item is rated on a 1–5 scale (1 = very slightly or not at all; 5 = extremely). As expected, after hearing praise, there was a significant increase in subjects’ positive mood compared with baseline
Discussion
This preliminary study suggests that people with a known vulnerability to depression, even when they are not depressed, respond differently than control subjects when they are confronted with an affective challenge. After being criticized by their mothers, fully remitted depressed participants showed a greater increase in negative mood, along with a significant failure to activate DLPFC compared with healthy control subjects. No significant differences between the control subjects and the
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