MiscellaneousReview of Published Cases of Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Ingestion of Energy Drinks
Section snippets
Methods
We performed a systematic review of the Medline and Embase databases for peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 1980, and February 1, 2013, containing the search terms “energy drinks,” “adverse effects,” “myocardial infarction,” “cardiac arrest,” and “arrhythmia” in various combinations. The cases were independently extracted by 2 reviewers without any discrepancies. Articles were excluded if they were not related to EDs and CV disease, were physiologic or epidemiologic studies, or
Results
Our search identified 657 articles. In total, 7 articles containing 8 cases met our inclusion criteria on the initial search (see Figure 1). Seven additional articles were identified on the manual search. We also included 2 additional cases from our institution (McGill University, Montreal, Canada). A detailed description of each case is available in the online supplementary materials. Table 1 contains a list of all 17 cases (15 cases from the literature and 2 cases from our institution).
Discussion
Our case series of 17 cases represents the first systematic review of the literature of ED-associated acute adverse CV events and adds to the growing number of adverse events related to EDs reported by the FDA and by health authorities in Canada. Despite the many adverse events reported to regulatory agencies, few data have been released regarding the clinical characteristics of these cases to help inform the CV community about these events. Our results, although prone to publication bias, show
Disclosures
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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