Sleep and mood disorders

doi:10.1016/S1087-0792(97)90005-8

Sleep Medicine Reviews

Volume 1, Issue 1, November 1997, Pages 45-56

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1087-0792(97)90005-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

Mood disorders are found in one-third to one-half of patients with chronic sleep problems. Likewise, most patients with mood disorders experience insomnia, but a minority obtain significantly increased amounts of sleep. Although mood disorders cause significant morbidity and mortality, they often go undiagnosed. Attention to sleep complaints could lead to better identification of mood disorders. Management of sleep problems in patients with mood disorders should focus on treating underlying mood disorders with attention to the nature of the sleep complaint. Patients with depression show characteristic abnormalities in sleep continuity, slow-wave sleep and REM sleep patterns. Differences in sleep patterns cannot reliably distinguish patients with depression from those with other psychiatric disorders, but sleep changes may provide a window on neurobiologieal abnormalities in depression.

References (40)

D.J. Kupfer
Sleep research in depressive illness: clinical implications-a tasting menu
Biol Psychiatry
(1995)
J.L. Anderson et al.
Sleep in fall/winter seasonal affective disorder: effects of light and changing seasons
J Psychosom Res
(1994)
G.W. Vogel
Evidence for REM sleep deprivation as the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs
Prog Neuropharmacol Biol Psychiatry
(1983)
M. Uchiyama et al.
Efficacy of mianserin on symptoms of delirium in the aged: an open trial study
Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
(1996)
L. Grunhaus et al.
Monitoring of antidepressant response to ECT with polysomnographic recordings and dexamethasone suppression test
Psychiatry Res
(1988)
J.A. Deltito et al.
Effects of phototherapy on non-seasonal unipolar and bipolar depressive spectrum disorders
J Affect Disord
(1991)
A. Mackert et al.
Phototherapy in nonseasonal depression
Biol Psychiatry
(1991)
D. Garcia-Borreguero et al.
Hormonal responses to the administration of m-chlorophenylpiperazine in patients with seasonal affective and controls
Biol Psychiatry
(1995)
J. Vollmann et al.
Sleep deprivation with consecutive sleep-phase advance therapy in patients with major depression: a pilot study
Biol Psychiatry
(1993)
D. Ebert et al.
Single photon emission computerized tomography assessment of cerebral dopamine D2 receptor blockade in depression before and after sleep deprivation-preliminary results
Biol Psychiatry
(1994)

G.D. Mellinger et al.

Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates

Arch Gen Psychiatry

(1985)

D.E. Ford et al.

Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for prevention?

JAMA

(1989)

P.D. Gerber et al.

The relationship of presenting physical complaints to depressive symptoms in primary care

J Gen Int Med

(1992)

D.J. Buysse et al.

Clinical diagnoses in 216 insomnia patients using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), DSM-IV and ICD-10 categories: a report from the APA/NIMH DSM-IV Field Trial

Sleep

(1994)

Task Force on DSM-IV

C.F. Reynolds et al.

Sleep research in affective illness: state of the art circa 1987

Sleep

(1987)

R.M. Benca et al.

Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a metaanalysis

Arch Gen Psychiat

(1992)

R. Armitage

Microarchitectural findings in sleep EEG in depression: diagnostic implications

Biol Psychiatry

(1994)

J.I. Hudson et al.

Polysomnographic characteristics of young manic patients: copmparison with unipolar depressed patients and normal control subjects

Arch Gen Psychiat

(1991)

Cited by (121)

Social jetlag as a predictor of depressive symptoms among Japanese adolescents: Evidence from the Adolescent Sleep Health Epidemiological Cohort
2023, Sleep Health
Social jetlag, a circadian misalignment, has been associated with depressive symptoms in the general and working populations. However, evidence for this association in adolescents is inconsistent. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and depressive symptoms among Japanese adolescents and to evaluate differences by sex.
The participants were 1493 students (13.6 ± 0.9 years, 52.4% girls) from five junior high schools. Questionnaires, including demographic information and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, were distributed. Social jetlag was defined as the difference between midsleep on weekdays and weekends, and was categorized as <0 hour (negative), 0 to <1 hour, 1 to <2 hours, or ≥2 hours. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio with adjustments for potential confounders, such as puberty- and lifestyle-related factors.
The distribution of students with <0 hour, 0 to <1 hour, 1 to <2 hours, and ≥2 hours of social jetlag was 9.4%, 37.0%, 33.3%, and 20.4%, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted model revealed that social jetlag ≥2 hours and <0 hour were associated with an elevated risk of depressive symptoms among girls and boys, respectively. These associations were nonlinear for both sexes in restricted cubic spline analyses.
Social jetlag is associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents. Specifically, the risk of depressive symptoms increased with positive social jetlag scores for girls and negative social jetlag scores for boys.
Behavioral studies in drosophila models of human diseases
2021, Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience: Second Edition
Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is one of the most widely used model organisms in biological studies. Although Drosophila differs significantly from vertebrates in terms of their gross appearance, the genes and neural circuits that control essential behaviors are functionally conserved during evolution. In addition, Drosophila is highly amenable for genetic manipulations, making it ideal to dissect genetic and circuitry underpinnings of normal behavior, and establish disease models that can largely recapitulate the pathological hallmarks and behavioral changes in humans. Therefore, the power of Drosophila genetics and the large repertoire of Drosophila behaviors provide an unprecedented opportunity for in-depth mechanistic studies of human disease pathology as well as identification of potential therapeutic drug targets through large-scale behavioral screens. In this chapter, we will discuss the well-established Drosophila behavioral assays, including locomotion, learning & memory, sleep, and grooming, and highlight their application in Drosophila models of human diseases.
Using time causal quantifiers to characterize sleep stages
2021, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals
Sleep plays a substantial role in daily cognitive performance, mood, and memory. The study of sleep has attracted the interest of neuroscientists, clinicians and the overall population, with an increasing number of adults suffering from insufficient amounts of sleep. Sleep is an activity composed of different stages whose temporal dynamics, cycles and interdependencies are not fully understood. Healthy body function and personal well being, however, depends on the proper unfolding and continuance of the sleep cycles. The characterization of the different sleep stages can be undertaken with the development of biomarkers derived from sleep recording. For this purpose, in this work we analyzed single-channel EEG signals from 106 healthy subjects. The signals were quantified using the permutation vector approach using five different-information theoretic measures: i) Shannon’s entropy, ii) MPR statistical complexity, iii) Fisher information, iv) Renyí Min-entropy and v) Lempel-Ziv complexity. The results show that all five information theory-based measures make it possible to quantify and classify the underlying dynamics of the different sleep stages. In addition to this, we combine these measures to show that planes containing pairs of measures, such as the plane composed of Lempel-Ziv and Shannon, have a better performance for differentiating sleep states than measures used individually for the same purpose.
Time is of the essence: Coupling sleep-wake and circadian neurobiology to the antidepressant effects of ketamine
2021, Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Citation Excerpt :
The most common finding is a reduction in the amount of SWS (Borbély & Wirz-Justice, 1982; Tsuno et al., 2005). In addition, depressed patients display a shorter latency to first REM sleep episode, and the intensity of REM sleep is increased (Benca et al., 1997); however, these changes are not specific to affective disorders (Riemann et al., 2020). Many patients with depression show a diurnal pattern of mood variation, i.e. a low mood during the morning, which is alleviated throughout time spent wake towards the evening (Riemann et al., 2020).
Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ketamine in rapidly alleviating depression and suicidal ideation. Intense research efforts have been undertaken to expose the precise mechanism underlying the antidepressant action of ketamine; however, the translation of findings into new clinical treatments has been slow. This translational gap is partially explained by a lack of understanding of the function of time and circadian timing in the complex neurobiology around ketamine. Indeed, the acute pharmacological effects of a single ketamine treatment last for only a few hours, whereas the antidepressant effects peak at around 24 hours and are sustained for the following few days. Numerous studies have investigated the acute and long-lasting neurobiological changes induced by ketamine; however, the most dramatic and fundamental change that the brain undergoes each day is rarely taken into consideration. Here, we explore the link between sleep and circadian regulation and rapid-acting antidepressant effects and summarize how diverse phenomena associated with ketamine’s antidepressant actions – such as cortical excitation, synaptogenesis, and involved molecular determinants – are intimately connected with the neurobiology of wake, sleep, and circadian rhythms. We review several recently proposed hypotheses about rapid antidepressant actions, which focus on sleep or circadian regulation, and discuss their implications for ongoing research. Considering these aspects may be the last piece of the puzzle necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of rapid-acting antidepressants on the brain.
People with dyssomnia showed increased vulnerability to CoVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire-based study exploring the patterns and predictors of sleep quality using the latent class analysis technique in Indian population
2021, Sleep Medicine
CoVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have impacted the sleep quality and the overall wellbeing of mankind. The present epidemiological study measured various aspects of sleep disturbance such as sleep quality, daytime impairments, negative emotionality, sleep hygiene, and well-being associated with CoVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population.
This cross-sectional voluntary online survey (using Google form) was communicated across the country from 4th June to 3rd July 2020 through mail and social media applications. The responses received (N = 450) were categorized and validated using the latent class analysis and logistic regression tests respectively, and the classes and subclasses derived were profiled. These techniques are used for the first time in a CoVID-19 sleep study.
Out of the three classes derived from the LCA, people with severe dyssomnia belonging to class 1 (33.3%) showed high daytime impairments, negative emotionality and high vulnerability towards CoVID-19 pandemic measures. In addition, the two subclasses derived from the severe dyssomnia group; one with negative emotionality predominance and the other with excessive daytime sleepiness, were similarly affected by CoVID-19 measures. People with moderate dyssomnia (class 2, 28.5%) showed frequent arousals with daytime impairments and the majority (38.2%) which fell in to class 3, the ‘no dyssomnia’ category, were not impacted by CoVID-19 pandemic.
People with existing sleep problems or those who were vulnerable to the same were the ones affected by CoVID-19 pandemic. Those with inadequate emotional coping styles have showed heightened vulnerability. Proper medical and cognitive interventions are highly recommended for this population. No or moderate dyssomnia categories (class 3 and 2 respectively) were less impacted by CoVID-19.
Sleep abnormalities across different clinical stages of Bipolar Disorder: A review of EEG studies
2020, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Citation Excerpt :
Observed architectural differences in Major Depression include impaired sleep continuity (i.e. increased sleep latency, sleep fragmentation, early morning awakenings, reduced sleep efficiency, decreased total sleep time; Benca et al., 1992) and altered sleep architecture. The latter includes decreased REM latency and increased REM density, modifications in non-REM sleep, such as reduced slow wave sleep (SWS), slow wave activity (SWA) and sleep stage 2 (N2) (Borbély et al., 1984; Kupfer et al., 1984; Kupfer et al., 1986; Armitage et al., 1995; Benca et al., 1997). Advances in EEG technology also fostered a new wave of sleep EEG studies in Schizophrenia.
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent across all stages of Bipolar Disorder. Despite a wealth of research on the neurophysiological features of sleep in this population, progress in this field has been slow. We aimed to review the literature on sleep electroencephalography (EEG) studies in Bipolar Disorder, considering sleep architecture and microstructural oscillatory activity.
We included a total of 22 studies: six on sleep during manic episodes, seven during depressive episodes, seven in euthymic patients and two in high-risk individuals. The most consistent findings were increased SOL and REM density across all stages of the disorder. Only two studies reported a reduced spindle count during bipolar depression and euthymia, respectively. Although not specific for Bipolar Disorder, SOL and REM density have been repeatedly found to be increased across all stages of illness in this population. Whereas the former reflects a difficulty initiating sleep, the latter can be considered a neurophysiological signature of patients’ overall reduced sleep need, independent of illness stage.

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Review articleSleep and mood disorders

Abstract

Biol Psychiatry

J Psychosom Res

Prog Neuropharmacol Biol Psychiatry

Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry

Psychiatry Res

J Affect Disord

Biol Psychiatry

Biol Psychiatry

Biol Psychiatry

Biol Psychiatry

Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates

Arch Gen Psychiatry

Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for prevention?

JAMA

The relationship of presenting physical complaints to depressive symptoms in primary care

J Gen Int Med

Clinical diagnoses in 216 insomnia patients using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), DSM-IV and ICD-10 categories: a report from the APA/NIMH DSM-IV Field Trial

Sleep

Sleep research in affective illness: state of the art circa 1987

Sleep

Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a metaanalysis

Arch Gen Psychiat

Microarchitectural findings in sleep EEG in depression: diagnostic implications

Biol Psychiatry

Polysomnographic characteristics of young manic patients: copmparison with unipolar depressed patients and normal control subjects

Arch Gen Psychiat

Review article
Sleep and mood disorders