The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: XVII: The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes1☆,
Section snippets
Study population
The population, which has been described in previous reports,26, 27, 28, 36, 37 consisted of a sample selected from 10,135 patients with diabetes who received primary care in an 11county area in southern Wisconsin from 1979 to 1980. This sample was composed of “younger-onset” persons and “olderonset” persons. These analyses will be limited to the group of younger-onset persons, all of whom were taking insulin and had been diagnosed before 30 years of age (n = 1210). There were 996 persons in
Results
Characteristics of those who participated in the 14-year follow-up, those who did not participate because they could not be located or they refused, and those who had died in the 4-year interval between the 10- and 14-year examinations are given in Table 1. With the exception of older age at diagnosis, older age at the baseline examination, and lower glycosylated hemoglobin at the baseline examination, there were no significant differences in characteristics of those who participated compared
Discussion
The data reported herein provide unique long-term population-based information regarding the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema and its relationship to hyperglycemia, hypertension, and other factors. The cohort was composed of all known patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed before 30 years of age who were receiving treatment in a defined geographic area during a specified period. The cohort was large, there was a broad distribution of severity of retinopathy
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the 452 Wisconsin physicians and their staffs who participated in and supported this study. The authors also thank Richard J. Chappell, PhD, Dayna S. Dalton, MPH, Matthew D. Davis, MD, Stacy M. Meuer, BA, Moneen Meuer, BA, Polly A. Newcomb, PhD, Mari Palta, PhD, and Kathy Peterson, RN, for their assistance; the local hospitals that provided supportive services for the mobile van; and the State of Wisconsin Division of Health for donating the van.
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Supported by National Institutes of Health grant EY03083 (RK, BEKK) and, in part, by Research to Prevent Blindness (RK, Senior Scientific Investigator Award). Glycosylated hemoglobin determinations were performed in the Core Laboratory of the Clinical Nutrition Center with support from U.S. Public Health Service grant P30AMAG 26659 (Earl Shrago, MD).
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Proprietary interest: none.