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Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review was to examine characteristics that may distinguish HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) from early Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Recent Findings

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are perturbed in HIV, yet these alterations may be limited to settings of advanced dementia or unsuppressed plasma HIV RNA. Neuropsychological testing will require extensive batteries to maximize utility. Structural imaging is limited for early AD detection in the setting of HIV, but proper studies are absent. While positron-emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging has altered the landscape of differential diagnosis for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, costs are prohibitive.

Summary

Risk for delayed AD diagnosis in the aging HIV-infected population is now among the most pressing issues in geriatric neuroHIV. While clinical, imaging, and biomarker characterizations of AD are extensively defined, fewer data define characteristics of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in the setting of suppressed plasma HIV RNA. Data needed to inform the phenotype of AD in the setting of HIV are equally few.

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Acknowledgments

This publication was made possible by grants K24 MH098759 and R01 MH113406 from the NIH National Institute of Mental Health as well as P50 AG023501 from the NIH National Institute on Aging.

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  1. Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Benedetta Milanini & Victor Valcour

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  1. Benedetta Milanini
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Correspondence to Benedetta Milanini.

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Benedetta Milanini reports no conflict of interest.

Victor Valcour has received consulting fees from ViiV Healthcare, Merck, IAS-USA.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Central Nervous System and Cognition

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Summary of key features differentiating HAND from Alzheimer’s disease (DOCX 25 kb)

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Milanini, B., Valcour, V. Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 14, 123–132 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-017-0361-0

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