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Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Sleeve Gastrectomy or Gastric Bypass: Relationships with Variations in Vitamin D, Ghrelin, and Adiponectin Levels

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Abstract

Background

A major long-term concern after gastric bypass (GBP) is the risk of osteoporosis; however, little is known about this complication in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Objective

To evaluate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after GBP and SG, and its relationship with changes in vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), ghrelin, and adiponectin.

Methods

Twenty-three women undergoing GBP (BMI 42.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 37.3 ± 8.1 years) and 20 undergoing SG (BMI 37.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 34.2 ± 10.2 years) were studied before and 6 and 12 months after surgery. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), ghrelin, and adiponectin concentrations were determined. Food as well as calcium and vitamin D supplement intake was recorded.

Results

Excess weight loss (mean ± SE), adjusted by baseline excess weight, was 79.1±3.8 % and 74.9 ± 4.1 % 1 year after GBP and SG, respectively (p = 0.481). Significant reduction in BMD for total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck (FN) was observed after GBP. In the SG group, reduction in BMD was significant only for TB. Adjusted by baseline BMD, the difference between change in BMD for GBP vs. SG was not significant for TB, LS, or FN. Percent reduction in ghrelin concentration was a main factor related to total BMD loss (GBP group) and LS BMD loss (GBP and SG groups).

Conclusions

One year after gastric bypass, bone mineral density was significantly affected, mainly at the femoral neck. Decreases in bone mineral density were more dramatic among patients who had greater baseline BMD and greater reduction in ghrelin concentrations.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by the National Fund for Science and Technology, FONDECYT grant 1080576. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN31937503.

Conflict of Interest

The authors Karen Basfi-fer, Alejandra Valencia, Attila Csendes, Juana Codoceo, and Jorge Inostroza have no conflicts of interest related to this study.

The authors Fernando Carrasco, Pamela Rojas, and Manuel Ruz disclose that they are co-authors of the Fund for Science and Technology (FONDECYT) grant 1080576 that funded the present study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile

    Fernando Carrasco, Karen Basfi-fer, Pamela Rojas, Alejandra Valencia, Juana Codoceo, Jorge Inostroza & Manuel Ruz

  2. Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Attila Csendes

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  1. Fernando Carrasco
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  2. Karen Basfi-fer
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Correspondence to Manuel Ruz.

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Carrasco, F., Basfi-fer, K., Rojas, P. et al. Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Sleeve Gastrectomy or Gastric Bypass: Relationships with Variations in Vitamin D, Ghrelin, and Adiponectin Levels. OBES SURG 24, 877–884 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-014-1179-0

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