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Biomarkers of dietary intake of flavonoids and phenolic acids for studying diet–cancer relationship in humans

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Abstract

Background

For many polyphenolic compounds found in plant-derived food, biological effects possibly relevant for cancer prevention have been shown. Since dietary intake estimates suffer from imprecision, the measurement of these compounds (or metabolites of) in biological specimens collected in epidemiological studies is expected to improve accuracy of exposure estimation.

Aim of the study

The current use of biomarkers in etiologic studies on polyphenolics and cancer risk is evaluated. In addition, available analytical methods are discussed with respect to the requirements for their integration in epidemiological studies, putting specific emphasis on the epidemiological validation of such markers.

Methods

The scientific literature was screened for epidemiologic studies on the relationship of flavonoid and phenolic acid concentrations in human specimens (i.e. blood, urine) and cancer risk. In addition, original data on intra- and inter-subject variability of several flavonoids and phenolic acids are presented.

Results

Although several techniques are used in bioavailability or short-term intervention studies, their integration in epidemiological studies is very limited. An exception are phytoestrogens where validated immunoassays allow the rapid measurement of large sample numbers with small sample volume. For several polyphenols, the data on the epidemiologic validity encourages for their use in epidemiological studies.

Conclusions

There are valid possibilities for additional biomarkers of flavonoid and phenolic acid intake that are best applied in prospective studies with more than one biological sample per subject. Currently, a combination of a single biomarker measurement with long-term dietary intake estimates will probably be the most valuable choice to decrease measurement error in exposure data.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility (ECNIS), a network of excellence operating within the European Union 6th Framework Program, Priority 5: “Food Quality and Safety” (Contract No 513943)

Conflict of Interest: none.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Jakob Linseisen & Sabine Rohrmann

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  1. Jakob Linseisen
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  2. Sabine Rohrmann
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Correspondence to Jakob Linseisen.

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Linseisen, J., Rohrmann, S. Biomarkers of dietary intake of flavonoids and phenolic acids for studying diet–cancer relationship in humans. Eur J Nutr 47 (Suppl 2), 60–68 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-008-2007-x

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