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Nicotine and food deprivation decrease the ability to resist smoking

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Abstract

Rationale

Attempts to simultaneously control food intake and smoking may lead to smoking cessation failure. We sought to model this relationship using a human laboratory paradigm of smoking lapse behavior.

Objectives

We examined the combined effect of food and nicotine deprivation, compared to nicotine deprivation alone, on the ability to resist smoking and on subsequent ad libitum smoking.

Methods

In a between-subjects design, daily smokers (N = 30) were all deprived of nicotine for 18 h and were either food-deprived (12 h) or not during a laboratory session. Following exposure to individualized food cues, participants had the option of initiating tobacco self-administration or delaying up to 50 min in exchange for monetary reinforcement. Subsequently, the tobacco self-administration period consisted of 1 h in which participants could choose to smoke or receive monetary reinforcement for cigarettes not smoked.

Results

Smokers who had been deprived of food and nicotine smoked their first cigarette sooner and were more likely to smoke at some point during the laboratory session, compared to those who were only nicotine-deprived. Those who were food- and nicotine-deprived smoked slightly more cigarettes than those who were nicotine-deprived only, although this difference was not statistically significant. There were no sex differences in outcomes. Hunger and food craving ratings while trying to resist smoking were greater in the food + nicotine-deprived group. Tobacco craving was predictive of outcome in both conditions.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that food deprivation can undermine a smoker’s ability to resist smoking.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided by K05 AA014715, K23 DK071646, P50 AA015632, RL1 DA024857, T32 DA07238, the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, and CTSA grant UL1 RR024139 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH roadmap for Medical Research. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. The authors thank Vanessa Costa-Massimo and Joseph Palmer for assistance with data collection, Dr. Julia Shi for her role as study physician, Dr. Ned Cooney for advice about procedures, and Dr. Peter Jatlow and Haleh Nadim for conducting the nicotine assays.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC, Room S200, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA

    Robert F. Leeman

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Stephanie S. O’Malley, Marney A. White & Sherry A. McKee

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  1. Robert F. Leeman
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  2. Stephanie S. O’Malley
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Correspondence to Robert F. Leeman.

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Leeman, R.F., O’Malley, S.S., White, M.A. et al. Nicotine and food deprivation decrease the ability to resist smoking. Psychopharmacology 212, 25–32 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1902-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1902-z

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