Primary care factors and stage at diagnosis
| Cancer stage at diagnosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early stage | Advanced stage | ||||
| Primary care factors | Population responding | Number (%) | Number (%) | Crude OR (COR) (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) |
| Symptoms were initially attributed by the patient to | |||||
| Sexually transmitted diseases | |||||
| No | 121 (84.0) | 41 (89.1) | 80 (81.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 23 (16.0) | 5 (10.9) | 18 (18.4) | 1.85 (0.64 to 5.32) | 3.24 (0.93 to 11.32) |
| Cancer | |||||
| No | 130 (90.3) | 39 (84.8) | 91 (92.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 14 (9.7) | 7 (15.2) | 7 (7.1) | 0.43 (0.14 to 1.30) | 0.30 (0.08 to 1.16) |
| Pre-referral diagnoses by primary healthcare professional | |||||
| Non-cancer related | 21 (15.4) | 16 (37.2) | 5 (5.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Cancer diagnosis | 75 (55.2) | 16 (37.2) | 59 (63.4) | 11.8 (3.75 to 37.12) | 13.04 (3.59 to 47.30) |
| Not told diagnosis | 40 (29.4) | 11 (25.6) | 29 (31.2) | 8.44 (2.10 to 28.6) | 8.35 (2.13 to 32.79) |
| Number of pre-referral visits at primary healthcare facilities | |||||
| Once | 54 (48.2) | 17 (43.6) | 37 (50.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Twice | 29 (25.9) | 13 (33.3) | 16 (21.9) | 0.57 (0.22 to 1.43) | 0.68 (0.24 to 1.94) |
| Three to five or more | 29 (25.9) | 9 (23.1) | 20 (27.4) | 1.02 (0.39 to 2.70) | 0.87 (0.28 to 2.65) |
| Health-seeking interval (months) | |||||
| <3 | 59 (45.4) | 23 (53.5) | 36 (41.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3–6 | 51 (39.2) | 15 (34.9) | 36 (41.4) | 1.53 (0.69 to 3.41) | 1.55 (0.62 to 3.86) |
| 7–24 | 20 (15.4) | 5 (11.6) | 15 (17.2) | 1.92 (0.61 to 5.99) | 1.93 (0.52 to 7.23) |
| Reasons for lack of promptness in seeking care | |||||
| Lack of money | |||||
| No | 108 (75.0) | 43 (93.5) | 65 (66.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 36 (25.0) | 3 (6.5) | 33 (33.7) | 7.28 (2.10 to 25.22) | 5.70 (1.58 to 20.64) |
| Still using other treatments | |||||
| No | 84 (58.3) | 23 (50.0) | 61 (62.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 60 (41.7) | 23 (50.0) | 37 (37.8) | 0.61 (0.30 to 1.23) | 0.66 (0.30 to 1.43) |
| Perceived illness as not serious or cancer | |||||
| No | 86 (59.7) | 20 (43.5) | 66 (67.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 58 (40.3) | 26 (56.5) | 32 (32.6) | 0.37 (0.18 to 0.77) | 0.43 (0.20 to 0.96) |
Bold typeface indicates statistically significant values.
*OR adjusted for patients’ sociodemographic characteristics in table 3.