Characteristics of the 912 children followed up*
| Demographics | |
| DIVIDS-1 treatment group, N (%) in the vitamin D arm | 446 (49) |
| Age | |
| years (SD) | 5.0 (1.0) |
| Sex N (%) female | 478 (52) |
| Season of follow-up (N, %) | |
| March–June (Summer) | 226 (25) |
| July–September (Monsoon) | 215 (24) |
| October–February (Winter) | 471 (52) |
| Family type (N, %) | |
| Nuclear | 316 (35) |
| Joint | 400 (44) |
| Extended | 196 (21) |
| Mother's education (N, %) | |
| None | 135 (15) |
| Primary | 408 (45) |
| Secondary | 288 (32) |
| College/university | 81 (9) |
| Father's education (N, %) | |
| None | 63 (7) |
| Primary | 345 (38) |
| Secondary | 400 (44) |
| College/university | 104 (11) |
| Mother's occupation housewife (N, %) | 893 (98) |
| Father's occupation (N, %) | |
| Unemployed/student | 29 (3) |
| Unskilled | 48 (5) |
| Semi-skilled | 194 (21) |
| Skilled | 512 (56) |
| Self-employed | 115 (13) |
| Professional | 14 (1.5%) |
| Anthropometry and nutrition | |
| Birth weight | |
| kg (SD) | 2.22 (0.16) |
| Z score (SD) | −2.46 (0.45) |
| Birth length | |
| cm (SD) | 45.7 (1.4) |
| Z score (SD) | −2.02 (0.77) |
| Length at 6 months | |
| cm (SD) | 62.6 (2.2) |
| Z score (SD) | −1.87 (0.98) |
| Weight | |
| kg (SD) | 14.3 (2.8) |
| Z score (SD) | −1.93 (0.95) |
| Height (n=911) | |
| cm (SD) | 100.8 (8.2) |
| Z score (SD) | −1.82 (0.98) |
| Body mass index (n=911) | |
| kg/m2 (SD) | 14.0 (1.2) |
| Z score (SD) | −1.10 (0.92) |
| Radius QUS (n=905) | |
| Z score (SD) | −0.64 (1.04) |
| Tibia QUS (n=906) | |
| Z score (SD) | −0.53 (1.01) |
| Plasma 25OHD (n=902) | |
| nmol/L (SD) | 32.7 (23.0) |
| deficient (<25 nmol/L) | 384 (43%) |
| borderline (25–50 nmol/L) | 363 (40%) |
| sufficient (>50 nmol/L) | 155 (17%) |
| Animal food groups at least 3 times/week† | |
| 0 groups | 153 (17%) |
| 1 group | 602 (66%) |
| ≥2 groups | 155 (17%) |
| Health and sunlight exposure | |
| Reported illness in the last 3 days‡ (N, %, n=906) | 300 (33) |
| Visited the doctor in the last month (N, %, n=906) | 286 (32) |
| Has ever stayed in hospital (N, %, n=906) | 173 (19) |
| Sun exposure (N, %, n=911) (h/day) | |
| Never | 62 (7) |
| <1 | 425 (47) |
| 1–2 | 264 (29) |
| >2 | 160 (18) |
*Where there was missing data, sample sizes are given in the left column.
†Animal food score is coded 0=none of dairy, eggs, meat, fish at least three times/week, 1=1 of these at least three times/week; 2=2 or more of these groups at least three times/week.
‡Diarrhoea, convulsions, cough, runny nose, fever, difficulty breathing, vomiting, eye problem, ear problem, skin rash, lethargy, other illness.
DIVIDS, Delhi Infant Vitamin D Supplementation; 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; QUS, quantitative ultrasound.