| Surrat (2010) | USA | Community | 806
410 intervention
396 control | 36.8 years
(mean)
(SD 8.2) | RCT | 3 and 6 months |
No detail of randomisation or allocation process No blinding of participants or personnel Self-reported non-blinded outcome measures Unclear whether analysis decisions were prospective eg, dichotomisation of outcome results Follow-up rates calculated by combining attendance at either of follow-up appointments which increased follow-up rates Intention to treat analysis not undertaken
|
| Litchfield (2010) | UK | Community | 34 | Not stated | Before/after clinical records | 12 months |
All participants received intervention and no control group Self-reported non-blinded outcome measures Missing data not accounted for
|
| Sherman (2006) | USA | Community | 54 | 39 years
(median)
(IQR 34–45) | Before/after survey | 3 months |
All participants received intervention and no control group Self-reported and non-blinded outcome measures Missing data not accounted for
|
| Yahne (2002) | USA | Community | 27 | 37.8 years
(mean)
(SD 8.1) | Before/after survey | 4 months |
All participants received intervention and no control group Self-reported and non-blinded outcome measures Follow-up in settings likely to influence outcomes and act as confounder
|
| Bellis (1993) | USA | Outpatient | 41 | 31.8 years
(mean) | Before/after | 12 months |
All participants received intervention and no control group Self-reported non-blinded outcome measures No data on participants lost to follow-up
|
| Gunne (1986) | Sweden | In-patient | 34 | 28.1 years
(mean)
(SD 5.8) | Before/after clinical records | 1–220 months |
|