OR and 95% CIs for the use of healthcare services and for unmet medical need between asylum seekers and the general population in Germany, stratified by age, sex and general health status
| Asylum seekers | German population (reference) | OR | p Value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Total‡ | N (%) | Total‡ | OR (95% CI) | ||
| At least one visit to a physician (outpatient or inpatient) during the past 12 months† | ||||||
| Total | 119 (76.3) | 156 | 7543 (96.6) | 7784 | 0.1 (0.07 to 0.16) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 79 (73.1) | 108 | 3515 (95.2) | 3692 | 0.14 (0.09 to 0.22) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 29 (82.9) | 35 | 4031 (98.5) | 4092 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.22) | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 44 (71) | 62 | 1005 (96.2) | 1045 | 0.1 (0.05 to 0.2) | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 25 (89.3) | 28 | 953 (96.5) | 988 | 0.31 (0.09 to 1.66) | 0.0486 |
| 40–49 | 17 (100) | 17 | 1442 (96.1) | 1500 | NA | – |
| Self-reported health | ||||||
| Good | 52 (66.7) | 78 | 5993 (96.6) | 6204 | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.12) | <0.0001 |
| Bad | 62 (87.3) | 71 | 1547 (97.9) | 1580 | 0.15 (0.07 to 0.37) | <0.0001 |
| At least one visit to a general practitioner during the past 12 months† | ||||||
| Total | 98 (62.8) | 156 | 6179 (79.4) | 7782 | 0.44 (0.31 to 0.62) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 65 (64.4) | 101 | 2830 (76.7) | 3690 | 0.55 (0.36 to 0.86) | 0.004 |
| Female | 24 (68.6) | 35 | 3355 (82) | 4092 | 0.48 (0.22 to 1.09) | 0.0402 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 35 (56.5) | 62 | 816 (78.1) | 1045 | 0.36 (0.21 to 0.64) | 0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 22 (78.6) | 28 | 752 (76.1) | 988 | 1.15 (0.45 to 3.51) | 0.7633 |
| 40–49 | 13 (76.5) | 17 | 1175 (78.4) | 1499 | 0.9 (0.27 to 3.8) | 0.8488 |
| Self-reported health | ||||||
| Good | 43 (55.1) | 78 | 4757 (76.7) | 6202 | 0.37 (0.23 to 0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Bad | 51 (71.8) | 71 | 1379 (87.3) | 1580 | 0.37 (0.21 to 0.67) | 0.0002 |
| At least one visit to a psychotherapist during the past 12 months† | ||||||
| Total | 24 (15.5) | 155 | 335 (4.3) | 7782 | 4.07 (2.48 to 6.43) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 16 (15.8) | 101 | 118 (3.2) | 3690 | 5.7 (3.02 to 10.16) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 6 (17.1) | 35 | 217 (5.3) | 4092 | 3.69 (1.24 to 9.18) | 0.002 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 14 (22.6) | 62 | 42 (4) | 1045 | 6.97 (3.27 to 14.06) | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 3 (10.7) | 28 | 60 (6.1) | 988 | 1.86 (0.35 to 6.35) | 0.3153 |
| 40–49 | 3 (17.6) | 17 | 70 (4.7) | 1499 | 4.37 (0.79 to 16.16) | 0.0129 |
| Self-reported health | ||||||
| Good | 6 (7.8) | 77 | 186 (3) | 6202 | 2.73 (0.96 to 6.36) | 0.0152 |
| Bad | 16 (22.5) | 71 | 130 (8.2) | 1580 | 3.24 (1.68 to 5.94) | <0.0001 |
| At least one admission to a hospital during the past 12 months† | ||||||
| Total | 39 (25.3) | 154 | 998 (12.9) | 7739 | 2.29 (1.54 to 3.34) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 22 (22) | 100 | 455 (12.4) | 3673 | 1.99 (1.17 to 3.27) | 0.0043 |
| Female | 11 (32.4) | 34 | 541 (13.3) | 4066 | 3.12 (1.36 to 6.7) | 0.0012 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 18 (29.5) | 61 | 105 (10.1) | 1039 | 3.72 (1.94 to 6.87) | <0.0001 |
| 30–39 | 6 (21.4) | 28 | 93 (9.5) | 982 | 2.61 (0.84 to 6.84) | 0.0359 |
| 40–49 | 4 (25) | 16 | 134 (9) | 1491 | 3.38 (0.78 to 11.32) | 0.0272 |
| Self-reported health | ||||||
| Good | 15 (19.7) | 76 | 567 (9.2) | 6168 | 2.43 (1.27 to 4.36) | 0.0017 |
| Bad | 22 (31) | 71 | 377 (24) | 1571 | 1.42 (0.81 to 2.43) | 0.1793 |
| Experienced unmet need during the past 12 months§ | ||||||
| Total | 63 (43.4) | 145 | 3967 (17.2) | 23 065 | 3.7 (2.62 to 5.21) | <0.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 42 (44.7) | 94 | 1960 (17.8) | 11 044 | 3.74 (2.43 to 5.75) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 11 (31.4) | 35 | 2007 (16.7) | 12 021 | 2.29 (1.01 to 4.86) | 0.0197 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 9 (34.6) | 26 | 146 (9.3) | 1573 | 5.17 (1.99 to 12.52) | <0.0001 |
| 25–49 | 36 (48) | 75 | 1722 (20.2) | 8504 | 3.64 (2.24 to 5.89) | <0.0001 |
ORs indicate the odds of measures of health service utilisation and unmet needs among asylum seekers relative to those of the general population in Germany (reference group). ORs could not be calculated due to empty cells (zero cell count). N (%): absolute frequency and percentage of persons reporting at least one visit during the past 12 months.
*p Value of a χ2 test, testing the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the proportion of the outcome between the two groups.
†Source of data for the general population in Germany: German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1).
‡Number of respondents per item.
§Source of data for the general population in Germany: Eurostat, EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2012.
EU, European Union; NA, not applicable.