Characteristics of the Jackson Heart Study Participants by metabolic syndrome status (N=5227)
| Metabolic Syndrome* (n=1814) | No Metabolic Syndrome* (n=3413) | p Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 58.04 (11.43) | 53.07 (13.21) | <0.0001 |
| Gender of participant | |||
| Men | 28.78 | 40.46 | |
| Women | 71.22 | 59.36 | <0.0001 |
| Education level | |||
| Less than high school | 23.32 | 15.46 | |
| High school or some college | 41.94 | 42.33 | |
| College/associate degree or higher | 34.74 | 42.21 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 66.17 | 69.05 | |
| Former | 21.59 | 17.56 | |
| Current | 12.24 | 13.39 | 0.0017 |
| Alcohol drinking status | |||
| Yes | 37.01 | 50.63 | |
| No | 62.99 | 49.37 | <0.0001 |
| Total physical activity score‡ | 7.74 (2.56) | 8.65 (2.57) | <0.0001 |
| Global stress total score§ | 5.11 (4.42) | 5.17 (4.37) | 0.6251 |
| Body mass index (weight in kg/height in squared meter) | 34.87 (6.92) | 30.10 (6.86) | <0.0001 |
| High-sensitivity C reactive protein in mg/dL | 0.65 (1.13) | 0.44 (0.74) | <0.0001 |
| Homocysteine: The concentration of homocysteine in µmol/L | 9.94 (6.37) | 9.15 (3.44) | <0.0001 |
| Serum concentration of adiponectin in µg/mL | 4.72 (4.02) | 5.79 (4.38) | <0.0001 |
*Data presented as the mean (SD) or percentage of participants.
†Independent t-test or χ2 test.
‡Sum of the four different domains of physical activity.
§Sum of the eight-item questionnaire that measures the severity of chronic stress experienced over a prior period of 12 months.