Distribution of reviewed studies by Kirkpatrick outcome levels and strength of findings
| Kirkpatrick outcome levels | Studies (n) |
|---|---|
| 1: Reaction | 26 |
| 2A: Learning—change in attitudes | 12 |
| 2B: Learning—change in knowledge and skills | 13 |
| 3: Change in behaviours | 6 |
| 4A: Results-change in the system/organisational practice | 0 |
| 4B: Change in patient care outcomes | 0 |
| Strength of findings | |
| Grade 1: No clear conclusions can be drawn; not significant | 0 |
| Grade 2: Results ambiguous, but there appears to be a trend | 3 |
| Grade 3: Conclusions can probably be based on the results | 33 |
| Grade 4: Results are clear and very likely to be true | 27 |
| Grade 5: Results are unequivocal | 1 |