Adjusted differences of the PCS and the MCS of SF-12, and other risk factors for the five populations
| Physical health composite score (PCS) | Mental health composite score (MCS) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | 95% CI | p Value | Difference | 95% CI | p Value | |||
| London | (reference) | |||||||
| Kaunas | 0.19 | −1.48 | 1.86 | 0.827 | 4.88 | 3.15 | 6.60 | 0.000 |
| Warsaw | 3.57 | 1.02 | 6.12 | 0.006 | 0.57 | −2.10 | 3.23 | 0.677 |
| Dijon | 2.48 | 0.56 | 4.41 | 0.012 | −8.39 | −10.39 | −6.40 | 0.000 |
| Sesto Fiorentino | 5.79 | 3.28 | 8.29 | 0.000 | −4.33 | −6.94 | −1.71 | 0.001 |
| Age | −0.25 | −0.29 | −0.20 | 0.000 | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.00 | 0.037 |
| GCS (verbal component score 5) | 1.77 | 0.20 | 3.34 | 0.027 | 3.58 | 1.94 | 5.22 | 0.000 |
| Able to walk without help | 3.83 | 2.50 | 5.15 | 0.000 | 1.76 | 0.37 | 3.16 | 0.013 |
| Able to lift arms horizontally | 3.88 | 2.51 | 5.25 | 0.000 | 1.41 | −0.03 | 2.85 | 0.055 |
| Physically independent (BI=20) | 3.61 | −0.66 | 7.88 | 0.098 | 1.76 | −2.71 | 6.23 | 0.440 |
| Pass swallow test | 0.42 | −1.25 | 2.08 | 0.625 | 1.10 | −0.64 | 2.85 | 0.216 |
| Incontinent/catheterised | −4.27 | −6.96 | −1.58 | 0.002 | −4.68 | −7.36 | −2.01 | 0.001 |
Estimates were obtained using a mixed effect regression model based on repeated measures at 3 months and 1 year after stroke. Adjustment was made for age and severity measures including the verbal components of GCS (speech orientation); arm power; ability to walk; swallowing; incontinent or being catheterised in the acute phase. Estimates were approximated to two decimal places, and p values were approximated to three decimal places, ‘0’ may represent a very small positive or negative value that has been approximated.
GCS <5: not fully oriented; GCS score 5: oriented speech.
BI, Barthel Index; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary; SF-12, Short-Form Health Survey.