Characteristics of tobacco addiction
| Austrian n=140 n (%) | Bosnian n=140 n (%) | Turkish n=140 n (%) | p Value | Post hoc analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of first cigarette | 16±3.4 | 16±3.4 | 17±5.7 | 0.25 | |
| Daily cigarettes | 0.002 | 0.018*; 0.219†; <0.001‡ | |||
| 0–10 | 40 (28.6) | 30 (21.4) | 54 (38.6) | ||
| 11–20 | 64 (45.7) | 56 (40.0) | 59 (42.1) | ||
| 21–30 | 29 (20.7) | 40 (28.6) | 15 (10.7) | ||
| 31 or more | 7 (5.0) | 14 (10.0) | 12 (8.6) | ||
| First cigarette after awakening (min) | <0.001 | <0.001*; 0.032†; 0.102‡ | |||
| Within 5 | 6 (4.3) | 26 (18.6) | 18 (12.9) | ||
| 06–30 | 41 (29.3) | 32 (22.9) | 37 (26.4) | ||
| 31–60 | 51 (36.4) | 23 (16.4) | 37 (26.4) | ||
| After 60 | 42 (30.0) | 59 (42.1) | 48 (34.3) | ||
| Smoking most in the morning | <0.001 | <0.001*; 0.007†; 0.208‡ | |||
| Yes | 23 (16.4) | 53 (37.9) | 43 (30.7) | ||
| No | 117 (83.6) | 87 (62.1) | 97 (69.3) | ||
| Smoking when sick/in bed | 0.962 | <0.001*; <0.001†; 0.332‡ | |||
| Yes | 61 (43.6) | 61 (43.6) | 59 (42.1) | ||
| No | 79 (56.4) | 79 (56.4) | 81 (57.9) | ||
| Awareness of tobacco-related diseases | <0.001 | ||||
| Pulmonary diseases | 138 (98.6) | 126 (90.0) | 125 (89.3) | 0.004 | 0.003*; 0.002†; 0.845‡ |
| Cardiac diseases | 103 (73.6) | 96 (68.6) | 79 (56.4) | 0.008 | 0.429*; 0.004‡; 0.036‡ |
| Vascular diseases | 114 (81.4) | 82 (58.6) | 73 (52.1) | <0.001 | <0.001*; <0.001†; 0.279‡ |
| Cancer | 126 (90.0) | 115 (82.1) | 119 (85.0) | 0.164 | |
| Others | 24 (17.1) | 40 (28.6) | 1 (0.7) | <0.001 | |
| None at all | 2 (1.4) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (3.6) | 0.462 | <0.032*; <0.001†; <0.001‡ |
*Austrian versus Bosnian.
†Austrian versus Turkish.
‡Bosnian versus Turkish.