Associations between race/ethnicity and continuous HbA1c in the overall population and within individual drug regimens
| Treatment | Model 1* Per cent difference (95% CI) | Model 2† Per cent difference (95% CI) | Model 3‡ Per cent difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population (n=682) | |||
| Black | 6.18 (−1.00 to 12.75) | 5.13 (−1.00 to 11.63) | 6.18 (−1.00 to 13.88)§ |
| Hispanic | 3.05 (−3.92 to 10.52) | 3.05 (−3.92 to 9.42) | 1.01 (−9.52 to 12.75)§ |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Biguanides only (n=174) | |||
| Black | 11.63 (1.01 to 22.14) | 11.63 (1.01 to 24.61) | 3.05 (−5.82 to 12.75) |
| Hispanic | 9.42 (−1.00 to 19.72) | 9.42 (0.00 to 20.92) | 10.51 (−2.96 to 25.86) |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Insulin only (n=120) | |||
| Black | 10.52 (−5.82 to 28.40) | 6.18 (−7.69 to 23.37) | 4.08 (−5.82 to 15.03) |
| Hispanic | 10.52 (−5.82 to 28.40) | 0.00 (−13.06 to 15.03) | 8.33 (−14.79 to 37.71) |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Biguanides combined with insulin or sulfonylureas (n=140) | |||
| Black | −1.98 (−14.79 to 11.63) | 5.13 (−9.52 to 11.63) | −0.09 (−13.85 to 15.86) |
| Hispanic | −2.96 (−14.79 to 10.52) | 5.13 (−9.52 to 11.63) | −2.96 (−16.47 to 12.75) |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Other miscellaneous drug regimens (n=123) | |||
| Black | 11.63 (1.01 to 23.37) | 10.52 (0.00 to 20.92) | 23.37 (7.25 to 43.33) |
| Hispanic | 2.02 (−1.98 to 16.18) | 1.01 (−11.31 to 15.03) | 10.52 (−10.42 to 36.34) |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference |
*Estimates are adjusted for gender and age.
†Estimates are adjusted for gender, age and BMI.
‡Estimates are adjusted for gender, age, BMI, education, adequate health literacy, private insurance, income, physical activity, diet, caloric intake and DM duration.
§Additionally adjusted for treatment regimens: biguanides only, insulin only, biguanides combined with insulin or sulfonylureas, and other regimens.
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin.