Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants*
| Victims only (N=162) | Perps only (N=93) | Both V and P (N=117) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | 95% CI | n | Per cent | 95% CI | n | Per cent | 95% CI | |
| Mean age SD Range N | 44 16 (19, 90) 159 | 46 16 (18, 80) 85 | 43 15 (19, 85) 111 | ||||||
| White | 151 | 94.4 | (89.8% to 97.8%) | 82 | 92.1 | (84.0% to 98.5%) | 109 | 95.6 | (90.9% to 99.6%) |
| Mixed | 3 | 1.9 | (0.0% to 5.2%) | 4 | 4.5 | (−0.2% to 11.5%) | 0 | ||
| Asian or Asian British | 5 | 3.1 | (0.1% to 6.8%) | 1 | 1.1 | (−1.0% to 4.5%) | 1 | 0.9 | (−0.7% to 4.2%) |
| Black or Black British | 1 | 0.6 | (−0.4% to 2.8%) | 2 | 2.2 | (−0.9% to 7.2%) | 3 | 2.6 | (−0.1% to 6.6%) |
| Chinese or other | 5 | 5.6 | (1.2 to 11.9) | 0 | 1 | 0.9 | (−0.5% to 3.1%) | ||
| Currently has partner | 112 | 70.4 | (61.4% to 78.2%) | 69 | 74.7 | (63.7% to 84.6%) | 73 | 65.2 | (52.8% to 75.6%) |
| Currently has no partner | 47 | 29.6 | (21.3% to 38.0%) | 23 | 25.3 | (15.4% to 36.7%) | 39 | 34.8 | (23.1% to 46.7%) |
| Lives with this partner | 84 | 77.1 | (67.3% to 86.1%) | 52 | 76.5 | (61.9% to 91.0%) | 55 | 77.5 | (61.5% to 91.0%) |
| Does not live with this partner | 25 | 22.9 | (14.2% to 32.9%) | 16 | 23.5 | (10.0% to 37.6%) | 16 | 22.5 | (8.0% to 37.7%) |
| Is a parent | 91 | 56.9 | (45.9% to 66.0%) | 54 | 59.3 | (45.8% to 70.9%) | 80 | 69.0 | (57.7% to 80.6%) |
| Is not a parent | 69 | 43.1 | (32.8% to 53.2%) | 37 | 40.7 | (28.2% to 54.4%) | 36 | 31.0 | (19.5% to 42.3%) |
| In paid employment | 107 | 78.7 | (70.0% to 86.5%) | 55 | 75.3 | (61.4% to 87.4%) | 64 | 64.6 | (52.2% to 76.5%) |
| Not in paid employment | 29 | 21.3 | (13.9% to 30.1%) | 18 | 24.7 | (12.1% to 40.1%) | 35 | 35.4 | (24.9% to 48.1%) |
| Up to £10 000 | 39 | 28.9 | (20.7% to 38.7%) | 24 | 32.0 | (18.1% to 47.4%) | 26 | 29.2 | (15.9% to 41.3%) |
| £11 000–£20 000 | 44 | 32.6 | (24.1% to 41.8%) | 20 | 26.7 | (12.5% to 42.2%) | 30 | 33.7 | (21.3% to 46.5%) |
| £21 000–£30 000 | 33 | 24.4 | (17.1% to 32.3%) | 16 | 21.3 | (9.4% to 33.6%) | 15 | 16.9 | (8.3% to 26.5%) |
| £31 000–£40 000 | 10 | 7.4 | (2.8% to 13.0%) | 7 | 9.3 | (0.6% to 19.7%) | 10 | 11.2 | (3.8% to 21.3%) |
| £41 000–£50 000 | 5 | 3.7 | (0.4% to 7.8%) | 5 | 6.7 | (−0.8% to 15.7%) | 2 | 2.2 | (−0.7% to 6.4%) |
| £51 000–£60 000 | 1 | 0.7 | (−0.3% to 3.1%) | 1 | 1.3 | (−1.2% to 5.4%) | 3 | 3.4 | (−0.9% to 9.4%) |
| More than £60 000 | 3 | 2.2 | (−0.3% to 5.6%) | 2 | 2.7 | (−2.1% to 9.1%) | 3 | 3.4 | (−0.3% to 8.6%) |
| No education | 15 | 9.8 | (5.2% to 15.3%) | 12 | 13.3 | (5.5% to 23.2%) | 16 | 14.3 | (7.4% to 23.2%) |
| GCSE/O Level | 22 | 14.4 | (8.0% to 20.9%) | 15 | 16.7 | (6.5% to 28.0%) | 18 | 16.1 | (8.2% to 24.5%) |
| A Level | 24 | 15.7 | (8.5% to 23.6%) | 14 | 15.6 | (6.6% to 24.0%) | 20 | 17.9 | (9.2% to 28.0%) |
| NVQ | 24 | 15.7 | (9.3% to 21.9%) | 20 | 22.2 | (10.7% to 35.2%) | 23 | 20.5 | (12.1% to 30.0%) |
| Professional Qualification | 22 | 14.4 | (8.2% to 21.5%) | 14 | 15.6 | (6.7% to 26.2%) | 13 | 11.6 | (4.4% to 20.4%) |
| Undergraduate Degree | 28 | 18.3 | (11.6% to 25.8%) | 9 | 10.0 | (2.9% to 18.4%) | 15 | 13.4 | (4.5% to 22.5%) |
| Postgraduate Degree | 18 | 11.8 | (6.3% to 17.8%) | 6 | 6.7 | (0.8% to 13.9%) | 7 | 6.3 | (1.1% to 13.0%) |
| Private owned | 68 | 43.6 | (33.4% to 52.8%) | 45 | 48.4 | (34.5% to 61.6%) | 44 | 38.6 | (27.5% to 50.9%) |
| Private rented | 57 | 36.5 | (25.7% to 46.4%) | 24 | 25.8 | (14.4% to 37.0%) | 33 | 28.9 | (18.0% to 39.1%) |
| Council housing | 25 | 16.0 | (9.3% to 23.5%) | 18 | 19.4 | (9.7% to 29.6%) | 27 | 23.7 | (13.9% to 33.4%) |
| Other | 6 | 3.8 | (0.7% to 7.7%) | 6 | 6.5 | (0.3% to 13.8%) | 10 | 8.8 | (3.2% to 15.2%) |
| Neither victims nor perpetrators (N=914) | Whole sample (N=1368) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | 95% CI | n | Per cent | 95% CI | |
| Mean age SD Range N | 50 19 (18, 90) 882 | 49 18 (18, 90) 1308 | ||||
| White | 854 | 95.7 | (94.3% to 97.1%) | 1267 | 95.1 | (93.8% to 96.3%) |
| Mixed | 12 | 1.3 | (0.6% to 2.2%) | 23 | 1.7 | (1.1% to 2.5%) |
| Asian or Asian British | 7 | 0.8 | (0.3% to 1.5%) | 14 | 1.1 | (0.6% to 1.7%) |
| Black or Black British | 14 | 1.6 | (0.8% to 2.6%) | 22 | 1.7 | (0.9% to 2.4%) |
| Chinese or other | 0 | 6 | 4.5 | (1.5 to 9.4) | ||
| Currently has partner | 678 | 75.8 | (72.7% to 78.7%) | 980 | 73.6 | (71.1% to 76.5%) |
| Currently has no partner | 216 | 24.2 | (21.2% to 27.0%) | 352 | 26.4 | (24.0% to 29.0%) |
| Lives with this partner | 586 | 87.5 | (84.5% to 90.5%) | 819 | 84.8 | (81.6% to 87.3%) |
| Does not live with this partner | 84 | 12.5 | (9.5% to 16.0%) | 147 | 15.2 | (12.6% to 18.2%) |
| Is a parent | 579 | 64.3 | (60.6% to 68.1%) | 861 | 63.9 | (60.5% to 67.3%) |
| Is not a parent | 322 | 35.7 | (31.7% to 39.6%) | 487 | 36.1 | (33.1% to 39.7%) |
| In paid employment | 521 | 82.3 | (79.3% to 85.5%) | 776 | 78.9 | (75.7% to 81.6%) |
| Not in paid employment | 112 | 17.7 | (14.5% to 20.8%) | 208 | 21.1 | (18.2% to 24.1%) |
| Up to £10 000 | 174 | 24.2 | (20.8% to 27.6%) | 282 | 26.3 | (23.7% to 29.3%) |
| £11 000–£20 000 | 227 | 31.6 | (28.2% to 35.0%) | 341 | 31.8 | (29.1% to 34.9%) |
| £21 000–£30 000 | 158 | 22.0 | (19.1% to 24.8%) | 235 | 21.9 | (19.9% to 24.7%) |
| £31 000–£40 000 | 81 | 11.3 | (9.0% to 13.9%) | 108 | 10.1 | (8.3% to 12.1%) |
| £41 000–£50 000 | 46 | 6.4 | (4.6% to 8.3%) | 60 | 5.6 | (4.2% to 6.9%) |
| £51 000–£60 000 | 14 | 1.9 | (1.0% to 3.2%) | 19 | 1.8 | (1.0% to 2.6%) |
| More than £60 000 | 19 | 2.6 | (1.5% to 4.0%) | 27 | 2.5 | (1.6% to 3.5%) |
| No education | 125 | 14.5 | (12.1% to 17.1%) | 191 | 14.8 | (12.9% to 17.3%) |
| GCSE/O Level | 149 | 17.3 | (14.7% to 20.4%) | 218 | 16.9 | (14.8% to 19.0%) |
| A Level | 82 | 9.5 | (7.4% to 11.6%) | 143 | 11.1 | (9.3% to 12.8%) |
| NVQ | 127 | 14.8 | (11.9% to 17.5%) | 202 | 15.7 | (13.5% to 17.9%) |
| Professional Qualification | 162 | 18.8 | (16.4% to 22.1%) | 223 | 17.3 | (15.2% to 19.6%) |
| Undergraduate Degree | 141 | 16.4 | (13.5% to 19.2%) | 203 | 15.8 | (13.4% to 18.1%) |
| Postgraduate Degree | 75 | 8.7 | (6.7% to 10.6%) | 108 | 8.4 | (6.9% to 10.2%) |
| Private owned | 595 | 66.0 | (62.6% to 70.1%) | 799 | 59.4 | (56.4% to 63.0%) |
| Private rented | 165 | 18.3 | (15.0% to 21.4%) | 290 | 21.6 | (18.9% to 24.4%) |
| council housing | 86 | 9.5 | (7.6% to 11.7%) | 173 | 12.9 | (11.0% to 14.9%) |
| Other | 55 | 6.1 | (4.6% to 7.7%) | 82 | 6.1 | (4.9% to 7.4%) |
*All CIs calculated as per Ng et al, 2013.
GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; NVQ, National Vocational Qualifications.