Patient characteristics within RARP-performing hospitals (model 2)*
| Variables | Non-RARP patients | RARP patients | p Value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (%) | 2671 (16.3) | 13 750 (84.7) | |
| Age (%) | 0.154 | ||
| Younger than 55 | 429 (16.5) | 2284 (16.8) | |
| 55–64 | 1051 (40.5) | 5766 (42.4) | |
| 65–74 | 1020 (39.3) | 5117 (37.6) | |
| 75 or older | 95 (3.7) | 430 (3.2) | |
| Race (%) | 0.362 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1692 (72.5) | 9034 (70.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 173 (7.4) | 1048 (8.2) | |
| Hispanic | 283 (12.1) | 1619 (12.7) | |
| Other | 186 (8.0) | 1065 (8.3) | |
| Primary insurance (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Private | 1596 (59.8) | 8673 (63.1) | |
| Medicare | 943 (35.3) | 5598 (33.9) | |
| Medicaid | 72 (2.7) | 185 (1.4) | |
| Other‡ | 60 (2.3) | 237 (1.7) | |
| Median household income (%) | 0.798 | ||
| Lowest quartile | 372 (14.3) | 2014 (15.1) | |
| Middle-low quartile | 536 (20.6) | 2724 (20.4) | |
| Middle-high quartile | 716 (27.5) | 3666 (27.4) | |
| Highest quartile | 980 (37.6) | 4982 (37.2) | |
| Comorbidity index (%) | 0.355 | ||
| 0 | 1068 (40.0) | 5544 (40.3) | |
| 1 | 887 (33.2) | 4696 (34.2) | |
| 2 or greater | 716 (26.8) | 3510 (25.5) | |
| Place of residence (%) | 0.780 | ||
| Metro | 2604 (97.7) | 13 411 (97.8) | |
| Non-metro | 62 (2.3) | 307 (2.2) | |
| Year | <0.001 | ||
| 2009 | 1006 (37.7) | 4068 (29.6) | |
| 2010 | 960 (35.9) | 4359 (31.7) | |
| 2011 | 705 (26.4) | 5323 (38.7) |
*For model 2, patient characteristics of robotic versus non-robotic surgery groups were compared within RARP-performing hospitals (n=73) during the study period. Total patient sample size is 16 421 for this model.
†Pearson's χ2 test was conducted to test the proportional difference between robotic and non-robotic surgery groups within RARP-performing hospitals.
‡Other insurance includes self-pay, no charge, worker's compensation or other government and/or county indigent programmes.
RARP, Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.