Secondary developmental outcomes
| Outcome | High-DHA diet mean (SD) N=291 | Standard-DHA diet mean (SD) N=313 | Unadjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Unadjusted p Value | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* | Adjusted p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test of Everyday Attention for Children† | ||||||
| Sky search number correct scale score‡ | 8.9 (3.7) | 8.9 (3.8) | 0.0 (−0.6 to 0.7) | 0.96 | 0.0 (−0.6 to 0.7) | 0.89 |
| Score! number correct scale score§ | 8.1 (3.8) | 8.0 (3.6) | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.7) | 0.79 | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.7) | 0.79 |
| Creature counting number correct scale score¶ | 7.7 (3.6) | 8.0 (3.4) | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3) | 0.36 | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3) | 0.36 |
| Sky search dual task composite score** | 4.2 (2.8) | 4.4 (2.9) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4) | 0.67 | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4) | 0.66 |
| Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test†† | ||||||
| Trial 1 correct words | 4.4 (2.0) | 4.3 (2.0) | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.71 | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.68 |
| Total (trials 1–5) correct words | 34.4 (12.1) | 34.8 (10.8) | −0.4 (−2.3 to 1.6) | 0.71 | −0.3 (−2.2 to 1.5) | 0.72 |
| Total intrusions | 2.1 (3.5) | 2.5 (4.0) | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.3) | 0.25 | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.3) | 0.25 |
| Total repetitions | 4.0 (4.5) | 3.7 (4.1) | 0.3 (−0.4 to 1.0) | 0.45 | 0.3 (−0.4 to 1.0) | 0.44 |
| Delayed recall correct words | 7.3 (3.5) | 7.2 (3.0) | 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.7) | 0.58 | 0.1 (−0.4 to 0.7) | 0.57 |
| Delayed recognition correct words | 13.3 (2.6) | 13.1 (3.0) | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6) | 0.50 | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6) | 0.50 |
| Rey Complex Figure‡‡ | ||||||
| Copy raw score | 16.6 (7.4) | 16.3 (7.8) | 0.3 (−1.0 to 1.6) | 0.66 | 0.3 (−0.9 to 1.6) | 0.61 |
| Delayed recall raw score | 7.6 (4.9) | 7.0 (5.0) | 0.6 (−0.3 to 1.4) | 0.18 | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | 0.17 |
| Organisational raw score | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | 0.57 | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | 0.52 |
| Fruit Stroop Test§§ | ||||||
| Interference score | 1.0 (5.8) | 1.1 (5.4) | −0.2 (−1.1 to 0.8) | 0.75 | −0.2 (−1.1 to 0.8) | 0.75 |
| Test of Visual Perception Skills third edition¶¶ | ||||||
| Visual discrimination standard score | 8.1 (3.1) | 8.1 (3.6) | −0.0 (−0.6 to 0.5) | 0.95 | −0.0 (−0.6 to 0.5) | 0.96 |
| Figure ground standard score | 9.4 (3.8) | 9.6 (4.3) | −0.2 (−0.9 to 0.5) | 0.62 | −0.2 (−0.9 to 0.5) | 0.55 |
| Visual closure standard score | 7.6 (3.6) | 8.0 (3.7) | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.2) | 0.15 | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.2) | 0.16 |
| Wide Range Achievement Test fourth edition*** | ||||||
| Word reading standard score | 102.2 (16.0) | 101.5 (18.4) | 0.8 (−2.2 to 3.8) | 0.62 | 0.6 (−2.4 to 3.6) | 0.68 |
| Spelling standard score | 97.5 (16.4) | 98.0 (17.1) | −0.5 (−3.4 to 2.4) | 0.74 | −0.7 (−3.5 to 2.2) | 0.65 |
| Math computation standard score | 90.8 (15.0) | 90.6 (15.0) | 0.2 (−2.5 to 2.9) | 0.88 | 0.2 (−2.4 to 2.8) | 0.87 |
Values are mean (SD) and treatment effects are mean difference based on imputed data unless otherwise indicated.
*Adjusted for sex, birth weight (<1250 or ≥1250 g) and recruiting centre.
†Measures attention; the mean scale score is 10, range 8–12; an attention scale score of less than 8 is indicative of poor attention; the composite score is not standardised.
‡Selective attention measure.
§Sustained attention measure.
¶Attentional control measure.
**Divided attention measure.
††Measures executive function (verbal learning memory).
‡‡Measures executive function (visuospatial abilities and visuospatial memory).
§§Measures executive function (inhibitory control).
¶¶Measures visual perceptual skills; the mean (SD) score is 10 (3), range 8–12; a score of less than 8 indicates poor visual perceptual skills.
***Measures educational progress; the mean (SD) score is 100 (15).
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid.