Maternal and infant characteristics (percentages rounded to nearest whole number (1 dp. when close to zero))
| White British (n=3980) n (%) | Pakistani (n=4448) n (%) | p Value (for difference) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 2054 (52%) | 2279 (51%) | NS |
| Female | 1926 (48%) | 2169 (49%) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) (mean (SD)) | 39.7 (1.6) | 39.6 (1.5) | <0.01 |
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | 199 (5%) | 181 (4%) | 0.04 |
| Term (37–41 weeks) | 3711 (93%) | 4221 (95%) | <0.01 |
| Post-term (≥42 weeks) | 70 (2%) | 46 (1%) | <0.01 |
| Birth weight (g) (mean (SD)) | 3373.3 (522.3) | 3157.7 (494.8) | <0.01 |
| SGA | 381 (10%) | 429 (10%) | |
| AGA (all three cut-offs by BiB reference) | 3223 (81%) | 3562 (80%) | NA |
| LGA | 376 (9%) | 457 (10%) | |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 178 (4%) | 365 (8%) | <0.01 |
| Maternal height (cm) (mean (SD)) | 164.1 (6.2) | 159.7 (5.7) | <0.01 |
| Maternal weight (kg) (mean (SD)) | 78.1 (16.6) | 71.1 (14.0) | <0.01 |
| Maternal age (mean (SD)) | 26.9 (6.1) | 27.9 (5.2) | <0.01 |
| Parity (median range) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | NS |
| Para 0 | 1933 (49%) | 1425 (32%) | <0.01 |
| Para 1 | 1247 (31%) | 1188 (27%) | <0.01 |
| Para 2 | 514 (13%) | 914 (21%) | <0.01 |
| Para >2 | 286 (7%) | 921 (21%) | <0.01 |
| Pre-existing hypertension | 46 (1%) | 30 (0.7)% | 0.02 |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 256 (7%) | 205 (5%) | <0.01 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 99 (3%) | 103 (2%) | NS |
| Pre-existing diabetes | 14 (0.4%) | 7 (0.2%) | NS |
| Gestational diabetes | 191 (5%) | 479 (11%) | <0.01 |
AGA, appropriate-for-gestational age; BiB, Born in Bradford; LGA, large-for-gestational age; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; SGA, small-for-gestational age.