Factors associated with LGA infants
| No LGA infant | LGA infant | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=863 | n=131 | p Value | OR (95% CI)* | p Value* | |
| Age, years | 33.3±5.2 | 33.5±5.2 | NS | – | |
| Parity, n | 2.4±1.3 | 2.7±1.2 | <0.01 | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.31) | NS |
| Weight (kg) | 73.1±14.8 | 82.1±15.3 | <0.001 | ||
| Height (cm) | 163±6 | 167±6 | <0.001 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.5±5.4 | 29.8±5.0 | <0.001 | – | |
| Obesity (%) | 231 (27.4) | 56 (44.4) | <0.001 | 1.53 (0.998 to 2.45) | 0.06 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 470 (55.0) | 75 (57.3) | NS | – | |
| Non-daily fruit and vegetable consumption (%) | 284 (33.0) | 52 (39.7) | NS | – | |
| Smoking (%) | 66 (7.7) | 10 (7.6) | NS | – | |
| History of GDM (%) | 143 (18.7) | 41 (31.8) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.09 to 2.75) | <0.05 |
| Ethnicity/origin | <0.05 | ||||
| Europe (%) | 207 (24.8) | 22 (16.8) | REF | ||
| Antilla (%) | 17 (2.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0.90 (0.18 to 4.38) | NS | |
| North Africa (%) | 314 (37.6) | 68 (51.9) | 1.63 (0.93 to 2.87) | 0.09 | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa (%) | 122 (14.6) | 23 (17.6) | 1.11 (0.54 to 2.32) | NS | |
| Middle East (%) | 24 (2.9) | 1 (0.8) | 0.32 (0.04 to 2.55) | NS | |
| India–Pakistan (%) | 66 (7.9) | 8 (6.1) | 1.02 (0.40 to 2.59) | NS | |
| Asia (%) | 85 (10.2) | 7 (5.3) | 0.59 (0.22 to 1.61) | NS | |
| Working (%) | 499 (39.0) | 41 (31.3) | 0.09 | – | |
| EPICES score, unit | 39.1±25.4 | 46.5±25.3 | 0.002 | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.20)† | <0.01 |
| Psychosocial deprivation (%) | 490 (56.8) | 87 (66.4) | 0.037 | – | |
| GDM diagnosis | NS | – | |||
| <24 gestational weeks (%) | 101 (14.9) | 21 (16.4) | – | ||
| 24–28 gestational weeks (%) | 290 (42.6) | 60 (46.9) | – | ||
| >28 gestational weeks (%) | 289 (42.5) | 47 (36.7) | – | ||
| GWG, kg | 9.7±6.1 | 10.9±5.8 | <0.05 | – | |
| Excessive GWG (%) | 205 (24.3) | 60 (47.6) | <0.001 | 2.34 (1.54 to 3.55) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin therapy during pregnancy (%) | 210 (27.8) | 50 (38.8) | <0.05 | 1.32 (0.86 to 2.04) | NS |
The data are expressed as n (%) or as the means±the SDs.
Current weights, heights, professional statuses, smoking statuses, number of children, family histories of diabetes and daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables were self-reported.
*Multivariate analysis considering parity, obesity, personal history of GDM, ethnic origin, EPICES score, excessive GWG during pregnancy and insulin therapy during pregnancy.
†Per 10 units.
EPICES, Evaluation of Precarity and Inequalities in Health Examination Centers; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GWG, gestational weight gain; LGA, large for gestational age; NS, not significant; REF, reference.