Co-occurring medical conditions and prescription medications among fibromyalgia patients
| Characteristic | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Medical conditions | |
| Chronic joint pain/degenerative arthritis | 986 (88.7) |
| Migraines/chronic headaches | 693 (62.4) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 562 (51.3) |
| Obesity (BMI >30) | 519 (48.0) |
| Hypertension | 508 (46.2) |
| Irritable bowel | 361 (32.5) |
| Plantar fasciitis | 276 (24.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus, type II | 196 (17.9) |
| Temporomandibular joint disorder | 193 (17.4) |
| Chronic pelvic pain | 170 (15.3) |
| Endometriosis (confirmed, females only) | 91 (8.2) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 59 (5.3) |
| Irritable bladder | 44 (4.0) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 17 (1.5) |
| Mental health conditions | |
| Depression | 834 (75.1) |
| Anxiety | 628 (56.5) |
| Dysthymia | 216 (19.4) |
| Bipolar disorder | 65 (5.9) |
| Sleep conditions | |
| Insomnia | 562 (50.6) |
| Restless legs syndrome | 225 (20.3) |
| Medications | |
| Sleep aids | 370 (33.3) |
| SSRI | 319 (28.7) |
| Opioids | 249 (22.4) |
| SNRI | 233 (21.0) |
| α-2-δ ligands | 215 (19.4) |
| Benzodiazepines | 214 (19.3) |
| Other psychiatric medications* | 206 (18.5) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 190 (17.1) |
| Tramadol | 174 (15.7) |
| Skeletal muscle relaxants | 167 (15.0) |
*Other psychiatric medications include lithium, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antipsychotics, bupropion, lamotrigine and tetracyclic antidepressants.
BMI, body mass index; SNRI, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.