Admission and patient characteristics of patients of Dutch and ethnic minority origin
| Dutch patients (N=763) | Ethnic minority patients (N=576) | Test, p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic origin (by country of birth criteria) N (%) | Dutch: 763 (100%) | Surinamese: 227 (39%) Moroccan: 100 (17%) Turkish: 107 (18%) Ghanaian: 21 (4%) Dutch Antillean/Aruban: 27 (5%) Other: 94 (16%) | Not applicable |
| N (%) male | 438 (57%) | 337 (59%) | χ2, >0.2 |
| Age (mean, SD)* | 62.1, 8.1 | 58.9, 8.3 | t test, 0.000 |
| LOS (median, SD) | 7.1, 25.1 | 7.0, 12.9 | Median test, >0.2 |
| Main ICD diagnosis group N (%) | Infectious diseases: 23 (3%) | Infectious diseases: 17 (3%) | χ2, >0.2 |
| Neoplasms: 89 (12%) | Neoplasms: 52 (9%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Endocrine*: 20 (3%) | Endocrine*: 38 (7%) | χ2, 0.023 | |
| Circulatory: 158 (21%) | Circulatory: 127 (22%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Respiratory: 67 (9%) | Respiratory: 42 (7%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Digestive: 92 (12%) | Digestive: 63 (11%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Musculoskeletal: 104 (14%) | Musculoskeletal: 81 (14%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Injury: 68 (9%) | Injury: 39 (7%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Other: 142 (19%) | Other: 117 (20%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Urgent admission N (%)* | 454 (60%) | 384 (67%) | χ2, 0.009 |
| Intensive or intermediate care stay N (%) | 115 (15%) | 77 (13%) | χ2, >0.2 |
| Specialty of primary treating physician | Cardiology: 83 (11%) | Cardiology: 76 (13%) | χ2, >0.2 |
| Surgery: 134 (18%) | Surgery: 85 (15%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Internal medicine*: 225 (30%) | Internal medicine*: 208 (36%) | χ2, 0.010 | |
| Pulmonology: 89 (12%) | Pulmonology: 52 (9%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Neurology: 97 (13%) | Neurology: 64 (11%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Orthopaedic surgery: 98 (13%) | Orthopaedic surgery: 63 (11%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Other: 37 (5%) | Other: 28 (5%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Reason for admission | Diagnosis: 241 (32%) | Diagnosis: 195 (34%) | χ2, >0.2 |
| Observation: 72 (9%) | Observation: 62 (11%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Treatment: 432 (57%) | Treatment: 306 (53%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Other: 18 (2%) | Other: 13 (2%) | χ2, >0.2 | |
| Surgery during admission (yes) N (%)* | 274 (36%) | 183 (32%) | χ2, 0.116 |
| Dutch proficiency† N (%)* 4 missing values | Good: 677 (89%) | Good: 216 (38%) | χ2, 0.000 |
| Moderate: 78 (10%) | Moderate: 138 (24%) | ||
| Low/none: 6 (1%) | Low/none: 220 (38%) | ||
| Health literacy N (%)* 8 missing values | Adequate: 675 (89%) | Adequate: 282 (50%) | χ2, 0.000 |
| Inadequate: 82 (11%) | Inadequate: 292 (50%) | ||
| Educational level‡ N (%)* 14 missing values | Low/none: 260 (34%) | Low/none: 282 (48%) | χ2, 0.000 |
| Intermediate: 320 (42%) | Intermediate: 227 (40%) | ||
| High: 180 (24%) | High: 69 (12%) | ||
| Religion N (%)* | Not religious: 62% | Not religious: 8% | χ2, 0.000 |
| Religious: 38% (N=284) Christian: 78% Muslim: 1% Hindu: 0% Other: 21% | Religious: 92% (N=525) Christian: 19% Muslim: 55% Hindu: 15% Other: 11% | ||
| Not/rarely practising: 90.4% Practising: 9.6% | Not/rarely practising: 60% Practising: 40% |
*Differs significantly between Dutch and ethnic minority patients (p<0.2).
†Proficiency in understanding, speaking, reading and writing Dutch.
‡ No educational level=no education after age 6; low educational level=primary school and/or lower secondary school level or no more than 6 years of education after age 6.
ICD, International Classification of Diseases; LOS, length of stay.