Table 1

Study characteristics

Study	Treatment period (weeks)	Sample size	Country	Setting	Treatment (mg/day), comparators [all on]	Outcomes
Fonseca et al25	26	313	Multinational—USA, Europe, Latin America, 7 other countries	Multicentre	Sitagliptin (100), placebo [Me+Pio]	HbA1c, harms, severe hypoglycaemia, body weight, infection, mortality
Gilman*26	24	278	Multinational—France, India, Philippines, USA	Multicentre	Linagliptin (5), placebo [Me+Pio]	HbA1c, harms, CVD
Abdulwahid*27	36	202	Saudi Arabia	Single centre	Sitagliptin (NR), vildagliptin (NR) [Me+Su]	HbA1c
Lukashevich*28	24	318	Multinational—USA, Italy, Switzerland	Multicentre	Vildagliptin (100), placebo [Me+Su]	HbA1c
Makdissi et al29	12	22	USA	Single centre	Sitagliptin (100), placebo [Me+Su]	HbA1c
Moses et al*30	24	257	Multinational—Australia, Canada, Korea, India, Thailand, UK	Multicentre	Saxagliptin (5), placebo [Me+Su]	HbA1c, harms, infection, CVD, neuropathy
Nogueira*31	24	35	Brazil	Single centre	Sitagliptin (100), NPH insulin [Me+Su]	HbA1c, body weight
Violante et al32	20	255	Multinational—Argentina, Australia, Germany, Greece, India, Mexico, Korea	Multicentre	Sitagliptin (100), placebo [Me+Ex]	HbA1c, harms, severe hypoglycaemia, serious hyperglycaemia, body weight, infection, CVD
Owens et al33	24	1058	Multinational—Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Korea, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, UK	Multicentre	Linagliptin (5), placebo [Me+Su]	HbA1c, harms, severe hypoglycaemia, body weight, infection
Hermansen et al34	24	229	Multinational—Denmark, USA	Multicentre	Sitagliptin (100), placebo [Me+Su]	HbA1c, harms, severe hypoglycaemia, body weight, mortality

*Unpublished data.
HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Ex, exenatide; Me, metformin; NR, not reported; Pio, pioglitazone; Su, sulfonylurea (glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide, glibenclamide).