Study | Study method | Participants | Country | Intervention arm | Control arm | Target period (if applicable) | Outcome measures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaya et al49 | Randomised controlled trail | Age: 18–65 years Sex: male and female Setting: adult clinic waiting room patients within the Department of Veteran Affairs | USA |
| Conventional VCT: 83 participants | Testing rates | |
Coates et al59 60 | Cluster randomised controlled trial | Age: 16–32 years Sex: male and female Setting: area of HIV prevalence >1% | Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Thailand, and South Africa | Community-based rapid VCT: 63 000 participants | Conventional VCT: 52 900 participants | 36 months | HIV incidence |
Lugada et al51 | Cluster randomised controlled trial | Age: 15–49 years Sex: male and female Setting: five SE districts in Uganda* HIV prevalence: 5.6% | Uganda | Home-based rapid VCT with ART programme: 4798 participants | Conventional clinic-based ART programme: 2386 participants | 2 years | Uptake of testing; HIV prevalence |
Malonza et al50 | Randomised controlled trail | Age: 18–44 years Sex: female Setting: antenatal clinic attendees HIV prevalence: 15–35% | Kenya | Rapid VCT in health facility: 627 participants | Conventional HIV testing (ELISA) test: 622 participants | 1 year | Wait period for tests; receipt of test results; uptake into antiretroviral treatment programmes |
Read et al58 | Randomised controlled trial | Age: Sex: male Setting: sexual health service | Australia | Rapid VCT 200 participants | Conventional VCT 200 participants | 18 months | Incidence of HIV testing, including testing outside study clinic |
Spielberg et al52 | Cluster randomised trial | Age: 14 years and older Sex: male and female Setting: needle exchange and bathhouse | USA |
|
| 221 days | Uptake of HIV testing; receipt of test results |
Sweat et al20 57 | Cluster randomised controlled trial | Age: 16–32 years Sex: male and female Setting: area of HIV prevalence >1% | Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Thailand | Community-based rapid VCT: 28 240 participants | Conventional VCT: 28 916 participants | 3 years | HIV prevalence; uptake of HIV testing, repeat testing |
Walensky et al48 | Prospective randomised controlled trial | Age: mean=37.1 years Sex: male and female Setting: emergency department patients in a large Boston Hospital | USA | Counsellor facilitated rapid VCT in emergency department: 2446 participants | Convention HIV testing in emergency department 2409 participants | 18 months | Overall testing: offer, acceptance |
*Jinja, Kamuli, Iganga, Mayuge and Mukuno. ART, antiretroviral therapy; VCT, voluntary counselling and testing.