Table 1

Preintervention features and features at least 12 months after initiation of a symptomatic treatment intervention in patients with nodding syndrome or other convulsive epilepsies

	Patients with nodding syndrome, N=484			Other convulsive epilepsies, N=476
	Preintervention status	Features ≥12 months later	p Value	Preintervention status	Features ≥12 months later	p Value
Patients with seizure freedom*, % Seizure free for longer than one month	8 (2%) (95% CI 0.07 to 3.2)	121 (25.0%) (95% CI 21.2 to 29.1)	<0.001	8 (2%) (95% CI 0.7 to 3.3)	243 (51.1%) (95% CI 46.4 to 55.6)	<0.001
Daily clusters of head nods, median (IQR)	4 (IQR 3, 6)	1 (IQR 0, 2)	<0.001	–	–	–
Patients with behaviour and emotional difficulties, %	327/484 (67.6%) (95% CI 63.2 to 71.7)	133 (27.5%) (95% CI 23.5 to 33.7)	<0.001	250/476 (52.5%) (95% CI 47.9 to 57.1)	105 (22.1%) (95% CI 18.4 to 26.1)	<0.001
GMFCS score†
1	185/282 (64.0%)	223/282 (79.1%)	<0.001‡	212/288 (73.6%)	239/288 (83.0%)	<0.001‡
2	58/282 (20.1%)	39/282 (13.8%)		41/288 (14.1%)	39/288 (13.5%)
3	39/288 (13.5%)	39/288 (13.5%)		39/288 (13.5%)	10/288 (3.5%)
4 and 5	39/288 (13.5%)	0 (0)		2/288 (0.7%)	0 (0)
Independence in basic self-care, %	174 (36.0%) (95% CI 31.7 to 40.4)	402 (83.1%) (95% CI 79.4 to 86.3)	<0.001	206 (43.3%) (95% CI 38.8 to 47.9)	397 (83.4%) (95% CI 79.8 to 86.6)	<0.001
Able and performs culturally and age appropriate home care activities, %	152 (31.4%) (95% CI 27.2 to 37.4)	372 (76.9%) (95% CI 72.8 to 80.5)	<0.001	187 (39.3%) (95% CI 34.9 to 43.8)	382 (80.3%) (95% CI 76.4 to 83.7)	<0.001
Enrolled at and attending school, %	107 (22.1%) (95% CI 18.5 to 26.1)	193 (39.9%) (95% CI 35.5 to 44.4)	<0.001	170 (35.7%) (95% CI 31.4 to 40.2)	250 (52.5%) (95% CI 47.9 to 57.1)	<0.001

*≥1 Month without seizures.
†GMFCS=Gross Motor Function Classification Score; N=282; that is, only 282 patients with nodding syndrome had paired GMFCS pre and post interventions scores obtained.
‡χ² Test for trend with Yate's correction.