Variables | Fruit only | Vegetables only | Fruit and vegetables | Green leafy vegetables | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Pooled RR (95% CI) | p Value | N | Pooled RR (95% CI) | p Value | N | Pooled RR (95% CI) | p Value | N | Pooled RR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Location | ||||||||||||
Non-Asia | 8 | 0.93 (0.87 to 1.00) | 0.049 | 6 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.397 | 7 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.04) | 0.223 | 4 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.012 |
Asia | 3 | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12) | 0.584 | 3 | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.032 | 2 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) | 0.827 | 3 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.93) | 0.004 |
Quality | ||||||||||||
High (≥4) | 4 | 0.92 (0.86 to 1.00) | 0.045 | 2 | 0.83 (0.52 to 1.33) | 0.448 | 1 | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.25) | 0.671 | 2 | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.98) | 0.024 |
Low (<4) | 7 | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.240 | 7 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.02) | 0.109 | 8 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.02) | 0.138 | 5 | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.010 |
Duration of follow-up (years) | ||||||||||||
≥10 | 5 | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.006 | 4 | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.05) | 0.190 | 5 | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.02) | 0.098 | 3 | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.97) | 0.014 |
<10 | 6 | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.07) | 0.654 | 5 | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.10) | 0.296 | 4 | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.16) | 0.674 | 4 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.013 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
M and F | 5 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.022 | 5 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.010 | 6 | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) | 0.026 | 4 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.92) | 0.002 |
F only | 5 | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) | 0.168 | 4 | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) | 0.544 | 3 | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 0.610 | 3 | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98) | 0.014 |
M only | 1 | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.19) | 0.916 | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – |
Fractions of distribution | ||||||||||||
Thirds | 1 | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) | 0.451 | 1 | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.05) | 0.277 | 1 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) | 0.076 | 1 | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.08) | 0.170 |
Quarters | 3 | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.193 | 3 | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.032 | 2 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) | 0.827 | 3 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.93) | 0.004 |
Fifths | 7 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.144 | 5 | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) | 0.499 | 6 | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.08) | 0.385 | 3 | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.01) | 0.062 |
No of participants | ||||||||||||
≥50 000 | 3 | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 0.032 | 2 | 0.83 (0.52 to 1.33) | 0.448 | 1 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 0.858 | 2 | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.98) | 0.024 |
<50 000 | 8 | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04) | 0.237 | 7 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.02) | 0.109 | 8 | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.03) | 0.146 | 5 | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.010 |
No of cases | ||||||||||||
≥1000 | 5 | 0.95 (0.88 to 1.03) | 0.233 | 4 | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) | 0.810 | 6 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.456 | 3 | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.98) | 0.018 |
<1000 | 6 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.042 | 5 | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.85) | 0.000 | 3 | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) | 0.119 | 4 | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.89) | 0.000 |
F, female; M, male; RR, relative risk.