Table 1

Participant characteristics and study costs (in British Pounds) for self-swabbing and HCP swabbing

 Participant characteristics n(%) and costs per participant (£)
Self-swabbingHCP swabbing
Age (years)
 Mean37.4250.09
 Minimum00
 Maximum9488
 0–4329 (26.1)56 (17.8)
 5–17137 (10.9)24 (7.6)
 18–64465 (36.9)89 (28.3)
 65+311 (24.7)145 (46.2)
 Missing18 (1.4)0 (0.0)
Recent antibiotic treatment
 Yes101 (8.0)26 (8.3)
 No1124 (89.2)286 (91.1)
 Unknown/missing35 (2.8)2 (0.6)
Recent respiratory infection
 Yes365 (29.0)61 (19.4)
 No860 (68.3)250 (79.6)
 Unknown/missing35 (2.8)3 (1.0)
Vaccination status
 Up-to-date1022 (81.1)270 (86.0)
 Not up-to-date40 (3.2)10 (3.2)
 Unknown/missing198 (15.7)34 (10.8)
Costs per participant (£)
 Laboratory consumables8.068.47
 Printing2.147.23
 Swabs and swab packs17.089.65
 Service support costs (SSC)2.8139.52
 Transport (by taxi or internal mail)0.004.78
 Postage11.120.00
 Total41.2169.66
  • Costs (British Pounds) are per participant taking into account wastage of swabs and swab packs.

  • HCP, healthcare professional.