Table 1

Measures of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in the CARTA studies

StudyPsychological DistressDepressionAnxiety
1958BCCIS-RCIS-RCIS-R
ALSPAC childrenCIS-RCIS-RCIS-R
ALSPAC mothersEPDS or CCEIEPDSCCEI
BRHSClinician diagnosis (lifetime)
BWHHSClinician diagnosis (lifetime)
CaPSGHQ-30STAI
CHDSCIDI (previous 12 months)CIDI (previous 12 months)CIDI (previous 12 months)
CoLausDIGSDIGSDIGS
ELSACES-D or clinician diagnosis of anxietyCES-D (8-item)Clinician diagnosis (lifetime)
FINRISKClinician diagnosis (previous 12 months)
Generation ScotlandGHQ-28SCIDI/NP (Lifetime diagnosis)
GOYA femalesClinician diagnosis (since giving birth)Clinician diagnosis (since giving birth)Clinician diagnosis (since giving birth)
HBCSCES-D or STAICES-D (20 items)STAI
Health2006SCL-90-RSCL-90-RSCL-90-R
Health2008SCL-90-RSCL-90-RSCL-90-R
HUNTHADSHADSHADS
Inter99SCL-90-RSCL-90-RSCL-90-R
NFBC1966SCL-25SCL-25SCL-25
NFBC1986YSRYSRYSR
NHANESDIS (lifetime diagnosis)
NSHDGHQ-28
NTRASRASRASR
Patch 2SCID (lifetime diagnosis)
RotterdamCES-D or M-CIDICES-D (20 items)M-CIDI
SYS-PCES-D or DSM instrumentCES-D (12 items)10 question DSM-based instrument
Whitehall IIGHQ-30
  • All scales measure current depression and anxiety unless otherwise stated. Clinician diagnosis was assessed by self-reported recall in all studies.

  • ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ASR, Adult Self Report; BC, Birth Cohort; BRHS, British Regional Heart Study; BWHHS, British Women's Heart and Health Study; CARTA, Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol; CCEI, Crown–Crisp Experiential Index; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CHDS, Christchurch Health and Development Study; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIS-R, Computerised interview schedule-revised; CoLaus, Cohorte Lausannoise; DIGS, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies; DIS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule; ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; GOYA, Genomics of Overweight Young Adults; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HBCS, Helsinki Birth Cohort Study M-CIDI, Munich version of CIDI; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NSHD, National Survey of Health and Development; NTR, the Netherlands Twin Registry; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R diagnosis; SCIDI/NP, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis disorders non-patient edition; SCL, symptoms checklist; STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; YSR, Youth Self Report.