Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β, 95% CI (low to high) | p Value | β, 95% CI (low to high) | p Value | β, 95% CI (low to high) | p Value | |
Males | ||||||
Log2 GGT (IU/L) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.15) | <0.05 | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.04) | 0.43 | −0.04 (−0.10 to 0.03) | 0.28 |
Age (years) | 0.43 (0.36 to 0.49) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.32 to 0.45) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.34 to 0.47) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ND | – | −0.12 (−0.18 to −0.05) | <0.001 | −0.14 (−0.21 to −0.07) | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ND | – | 0.51 (0.45 to 0.57) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.45 to 0.58) | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | ND | – | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.17) | <0.001 | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.16) | <0.01 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ND | – | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.10) | 0.29 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 0.54 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ND | – | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.02) | 0.14 | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.01) | 0.12 |
Current smoker | ND | – | ND | – | 0.09 (0.03 to 0.15) | <0.01 |
Regular exerciser | ND | – | ND | – | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.22 |
Fatty liver | ND | – | ND | – | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.13) | 0.11 |
Females | ||||||
Log2 GGT (IU/L) | 0.19 (0.10 to 0.28) | <0.001 | 0.11 (0.03 to 0.20) | <0.05 | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.19) | <0.05 |
Age (years) | 0.53 (0.44 to 0.62) | <0.001 | 0.41 (0.32 to 0.50) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.20 to 0.45) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ND | – | −0.14 (−0.24 to −0.05) | <0.01 | −0.16 (−0.25 to −0.06) | <0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ND | – | 0.38 (0.29 to 0.47) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.29 to 0.47) | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | ND | – | 0.04 (−0.04 to 0.13) | 0.34 | 0.03 (−0.05 to 0.11) | 0.47 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ND | – | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.16) | 0.11 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.12) | 0.52 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ND | – | −0.10 (−0.19 to −0.02) | <0.05 | −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.02) | <0.05 |
Current smoker | ND | – | ND | – | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.08) | 0.89 |
Regular exerciser | ND | – | ND | – | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04) | 0.29 |
Fatty liver | ND | – | ND | – | 0.09 (−0.01 to 0.18) | 0.07 |
Postmenopausal state | ND | – | ND | – | 0.06 (−0.05 to 0.18) | 0.28 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age.
Model 2 includes model 1 plus BMI, systolic blood pressure and biochemical data (fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, eGFR).
Model 3 includes all variables in model 2 plus parameters of lifestyles (current smoker (yes), regular exerciser (yes)), fatty liver (yes) and postmenopausal state (yes).
baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; ND, Not done.